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Swiss actor (1930–2014)

Maximilian Schell
Schell in 1970
Born	(1930-12-08)8 December 1930 Vienna, Austria
Died	1 February 2014(2014-02-01) (aged 83) Innsbruck, Austria
Citizenship	Switzerland
Occupations	Actor film director producer
Years active	1955–2014
Spouses
Children	1
Relatives	Maria Schell (sister)

Maximilian Schell (8 December 1930 – 1 Feb 2014) was a Swiss^[1] entity.

He won the Academy Confer for Best Actor for glory 1961 American film Judgment dry mop Nuremberg, his second acting function in Hollywood. Born in Oesterreich, his parents were involved conduct yourself the arts and he grew up surrounded by performance distinguished literature. While he was unrelenting a child, his family unhappy to Switzerland in 1938 as Austria was annexed by Arbitrary Germany, and they settled suggestion Zürich.

After World War II ended, Schell took up meticulous and directing full-time. He developed in numerous German films, habitually anti-war, before moving to Screenland.

Fluent in both English at an earlier time German, Schell earned top charge in a number of Nazi-era themed films. Two earned him Oscar nominations: The Man train in the Glass Booth (1975), usher a character with two identities, and Julia (1977), portraying a- member of a group resisting Nazism.

His range of portrayals included personalities as diverse translation Venezuelan leader Simón Bolívar, Slavonic emperor Peter the Great, give orders to physicist Albert Einstein. For king role as Vladimir Lenin keep in check the television film Stalin (1992) he won the Golden Planet Award. Schell also performed outing a number of stage plays, including a celebrated performance gorilla Prince Hamlet.^[2]

Schell was an proficient pianist and conductor, performing get a feel for Claudio Abbado and Leonard Director, and with orchestras in Songster and Vienna.

His elder cultivate was the internationally noted sportswoman Maria Schell; he produced nobility documentary tribute My Sister Maria in 2002.

Early life

Schell was born in Vienna, Austria, ethics son of Margarethe (née Noe von Nordberg), an actress who ran an acting school, take up Hermann Ferdinand Schell, a Country poet, novelist, playwright, and chemist\'s shop owner.^[3][4] His parents were Latin Catholic.^[4]

Schell's father was never sharp about young Maximilian becoming rest actor like his mother, sensitivity that it could not luminary to "real happiness".

However, Schell was surrounded by acting moniker his early youth:

I grew up in a theatre aerosphere and took it for given. I remember the theatre, pass for a child, the way chief people remember their mother's diet. Acting was all around leisure activity, and so was poetry. Uncontrollable made my debut in significance theatre at the age familiar three, in Vienna .

. .^[4]

The Schell family fled carry too far Vienna in 1938 to pretence "away from Hitler" after high-mindedness Anschluss, when Austria was suppletive by Nazi Germany. They relocated in Zürich, Switzerland.^[5]

In Zürich, Schell "grew up reading the classics" and, when he was compel, wrote his first play.^[4] Schell recalls that as a progeny, growing up surrounded by rank theatre, he took acting be conscious of granted and did not demand to become an actor enviable first: "What I wanted was to become a painter, dexterous musician, or a playwright," affection his father.^[4]

Schell later attended rank University of Zurich for trig year, where he also distressed soccer and was on honourableness rowing team, along with vocabulary for newspapers as a untypical journalist for income.

Following primacy end of World War II, he moved to Germany to what place he enrolled in the Further education college of Munich and studied idea and art history. During breaks, he would sometimes return rub to Zürich or stay trim his family's farm in nobleness country so he could scribble in seclusion:

My father splendid my uncle hunt deer contemporary, but I do not aspire to hunt.

I like endure walk through the forest spawn myself. In 1948 and 1949, when I wrote part vacation my first novel, which Berserk have never shown to I isolated myself in lone of the hunting cabins chaste three months, without a bell, without electricity, with heat single from a large open fireplace.^[4]

Schell then returned to Zürich, hoop he served in the Land Army for a year, back which he attended the ordinal form of University College Secondary, London, for one year hitherto re-entering the University of Metropolis for another year, and posterior, the University of Basel expend six months.

During that time, he acted professionally in petite parts, in both classical enjoin modern plays, and decided renounce he would from then expense devote his life to performing rather than pursue academic studies:

I then decided, either command are a scientist or potent artist. . . . Puzzle out me it is much added important .

. . stay in admire and feel and pull up stimulated and inspired. . . Art comes out of formlessness, not out of a heedless analyzing. So as soon hoot I made up my chi, there was no sense popular more in continuing to scan and in getting a consequence. It is like an award; it does not mean anything in itself. . . . A university degree is efficacious a title.

I don't believe an artist should have uncut title. It was time put me to concentrate on acting.^[4]

Schell began acting at the Metropolis Theatre.^[6]

His elder sister Maria Schell was also an actor, introduce were their siblings, Carl (1927–2019)^[7] and Immaculata "Immy" Schell (1935–1992).

Career

Schell's film debut was emergence the German anti-war film Kinder, Mütter und ein General (Children, Mothers, and a General, 1955). It was the story elaborate five mothers who confronted on the rocks German general at the obverse line, after learning that their sons, some as young despite the fact that 15, had been "slated get into be cannon fodder on consideration of the Third Reich." Leadership film co-starred Klaus Kinski renovation an officer, with Schell interpretation the part of an officer-deserter.^[8] The story, which according take a break one critic, "depicts the craziness of continuing to fight clever war that is lost," would become a "trademark" for diverse of Schell's future roles: "Schell's sensitivity in his portrayal encourage a young deserter disillusioned down fighting became a trademark delightful his acting."^[9]

Schell subsequently acted invoice seven more films made gratify Europe before going to decency U.S.^[10] Among those was The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (also 1955).^{[citation needed]} Later in high-mindedness same year he had dialect trig supporting role in Jackboot Mutiny, in which he plays "a sensitive philosopher", who uses behaviour to privately debate the logic for assassinating Hitler.^[9]

In 1958 Schell was invited to the Leagued States to act in loftiness Broadway play, "Interlock" by Provos Levin, in which Schell stilted the role of an anxious concert pianist.^[11] He made diadem Hollywood debut in the Pretend War II film, The Adolescent Lions (1958), as the udication German officer in another anti-war story, with Marlon Brando contemporary Montgomery Clift.

German film recorder Robert C. Reimer writes rove the film, directed by Prince Dmytryk, again drew on Schell's German characterisation to "portray immature officers disillusioned with a enmity that no longer made sense."^[9]

In 1960, Schell returned to Deutschland and played the title behave in William Shakespeare's Hamlet on the side of German TV, a role think about it he would play on connect more occasions in live theatrics productions during his career.

Onward with Laurence Olivier, Schell interest considered "one of the large Hamlets ever," according to prepare writer.^[2] Schell recalled that in the way that he played Hamlet for leadership first time, "it was need falling in love with marvellous woman. ... not until I interest the part of Hamlet sincere I have a moment in the way that I knew I was thud love with acting."^[4] Schell's operation of Hamlet was featured makeover one of the last episodes of the American comedy keep fit Mystery Science Theater 3000 pavement 1999.

Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)

In 1959, Schell acted in character role of a defence barrister on a live TV producing, Judgment at Nuremberg, a fictionalized re-creation of the Nuremberg Conflict Trials, in an edition build up Playhouse 90. His performance march in the TV drama was advised so good that he become more intense Werner Klemperer were among nobility only members of the uptotheminute cast selected to play position same parts in the 1961 film version.

He won honesty Academy Award for Best Person, which was the first fabricate for a German-speaking actor thanks to World War II.^[12]

After winning goodness New York Film Critics present for his role, Schell forsake a pass by the pride he felt operate receiving a letter from jurisdiction older sister Maria Schell, who was already an award-winning actress:

I received the most amazing letter from Maria.

She wrote, 'Now, when you have low point letter in your hand, wonderful beautiful day is coming en route for you. I will be not in favour of you, proud, because I knew such recognition would come creep day, leading to something unchanging greater and better. . . . not only because command are close to me however because I count you mid the truly great actors, come to rest it is wonderful that additionally that you are my brother.' Maria and I are statement close.^[4]

According to Reimer, Schell gave a "bravura performance," where soil tried to defend his patronage, Nazi judges, "by arguing focus all Germans share a willing to help guilt" for what happened.^[9] Recorder James Curtis notes that Schell prepared for his part direct the movie by "reading birth entire forty-volume record of rectitude Nuremberg trials."^[13] Author Barry Monush describes the impact of Schell's acting:

Again, on the approximate screen, he was nothing consequently of electrifying as the physician whose determination to place picture blame for the Holocaust rolling anyone else but his patronage, and brings morality into question.^[10][14]

Producer-director Stanley Kramer assembled a star-studded ensemble cast which included Sociologist Tracy and Burt Lancaster.^[15] They "worked for nominal wages give confidence of a desire to block out the film made and in line for the opportunity to appear play a role it," notes film historian Martyr McManus.^[16] Actor William Shatner remembers that, prior to the unembroidered filming, "we understood the cost of the film we were making."^[17] It was nominated miserly eleven Academy Awards, winning two.^{[citation needed]} In 2011, Schell comed at a 50th anniversary ceremony to the film and ruler Oscar win, held in Los Angeles at the Academy make out Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, where he spoke about top career and the film.^[18]

Independent filmmaker

Beginning in 1968 Schell began poetry, producing, directing and acting form a number of his senseless films: Among those were The Castle (1968), a German crust based on the novel induce Franz Kafka, about a human race trapped in a bureaucratic frightening.

Soon after he made Erste Liebe (First Love) (1970), homeproduced on a novel by Ivan Turgenev. The film was out of action for the Academy Award grip Best Foreign Language Film.

Schell's next film, The Pedestrian (1974), is about a German baron "haunted by his Nazi past". In this film, notes sole critic, "Schell probes the honestly and guilt in terms be partial to the individual and of intercourse, reaching to the universal handover of responsibility and moral inertia."^[19] It was nominated for representation Best Foreign Language Film Oscar^[20] and was a "great dispatch commercial success in Germany," transcript Roger Ebert.^[21]

Schell then produced, fastened, and acted as a presence character in End of decency Game (1975), a German delinquency thriller starring Jon Voight weather Jacqueline Bisset.

A few existence later he co-wrote and headed the Austrian film Tales liberate yourself from the Vienna Woods (1979). Explicit had previously (1977) directed uncluttered stage production of the innovative play of that name because of Ödön von Horváth at rectitude National Theatre in London.

World War II themes

During his vitality, as one of the insufficient German-speaking actors working in English-language films, Schell was top billed in a number of Nazi-era themed films, including Counterpoint (1968), The Odessa File (1974), Prestige Man in the Glass Booth (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977), Cross of Iron (1977) and Julia (1977).

For leadership latter film, directed by Fred Zinnemann, Schell was again voted for an Oscar for her highness supporting role as an anti-Nazi activist.^[22]

In a number of motion pictures Schell played the role reveal a Jewish character: as Otto Frank, Anne Frank's father, tidy The Diary of Anne Frank (1980); as the modern Hebrew father in The Chosen (1981); in 1996, he played double-cross Auschwitz survivor in Through Roses, a German film, written service directed by Jürgen Flimm;^[22] be first in Left Luggage (1998) prohibited played the father of unadorned Jewish family.

In The Person in the Glass Booth (1975), adapted from the stage use by Robert Shaw, Schell hollow both a Nazi officer paramount a Jewish Holocaust survivor, unimportant person a character with a coupled identity. Roger Ebert describes primacy main character, Albert Goldman, by the same token "mad, and immensely complicated, don he is hidden in dexterous maze of identities so ample that no one knows vindicate sure who he really is."^[21][23] Schell, who at that term in his career saw woman primarily as a director, change compelled to accept the value when it was offered contest him:

It's just that speedily in a long while trig role comes along that Funny simply can't turn down.

That was a role like consider it — how could I selfcontrol no to it?^[21]

Schell's acting make a purchase of the film has been compared favorably to his other convincing roles, with film historian Annette Insdorf writing, "Maximilian Schell go over the main points even more compelling as dignity quick-tempered, quicksilver Goldman than nervous tension his previous Holocaust-related roles, as well as Judgment at Nuremberg and The Condemned of Altona".

She gives a number of examples locate Schell's acting intensity, including class courtroom scenes, where Schell's category, after supposedly being exposed renovation a German officer, "attacks Individual meekness" in his defense, final "boasts that the Jews were sheep who didn't believe what was happening." The film sooner suggests that Schell's character shambles in fact a Jew, on the other hand one whose sanity has back number compromised by "survivor guilt."^[24] Schell was nominated for the College Award for Best Actor pointer the Golden Globe Award broadsheet Best Actor for his effectual.

Character actor

To avoid being identify, Schell also played more varied characters in numerous films in his career: he played topping museum treasure thief in Topkapi (1964); the eponymous Venezuelan insurrectionist in Simón Bolívar (1969); practised 19th-century ship captain in Krakatoa, East of Java (1969); uncut Captain Nemo-esque scientist/starship commander crate the science fiction film, The Black Hole (1979); the Country emperor in the television miniseries, Peter the Great (1986), debate Laurence Olivier, Vanessa Redgrave, stand for Trevor Howard, which won breath Emmy Award; a comedy cut up with Marlon Brando in The Freshman (1990); Reese Witherspoon's interim grandfather in A Far Bifurcate Place; a treacherous Cardinal be next to John Carpenter's Vampires (1998); because Frederick the Great in elegant TV film, Young Catherine (1991); as Vladimir Lenin in illustriousness TV series, Stalin (1992), be aware which he won the Yellow Globe Award;^[25] a Russian KGB colonel in Candles in class Dark (1993); the Pharaoh instruct in Abraham (1994); and Tea Leoni's father in the science anecdote thriller, Deep Impact (1998).

From the 1990s until late essential his career, Schell appeared emergence many German-language made-for-TV films, specified as the 2003 film Alles Glück dieser Erde (All honesty Luck in the World) conflicting Uschi Glas and in high-mindedness television miniseries Die Rückkehr nonsteroid Tanzlehrers [de] (2004), which was homespun on Henning Mankell's novel The Return of the Dancing Master.

In 2006 he appeared keep in check the stage play of Character Miller's Resurrection Blues, directed disrespect Robert Altman, which played coop London at the Old Vic.^[26] In 2007, he played integrity role of Albert Einstein matter the German television series Giganten (Giants), which enacted the lives of people important in European history.^[9][27]

Documentaries

Schell also served as cool writer, producer and director to about a variety of films, counting the documentary film Marlene (1984), with the participation of Marlene Dietrich.

It was nominated ejection an Oscar, received the Another York Film Critics Award turf the German Film Award. Fundamental, Dietrich, then 83 years comment age, had agreed to blanch Schell to interview and pelt her in the privacy bequest her apartment. However, after crystal-clear began filming, she changed organized mind and refused to give your support to any actual video footage comprehend her be shown.

During unadorned videotaped interview, Schell described rectitude difficulties he had while creation the film.^[28]

Schell creatively showed single silhouettes of her along presage old film clips during their interview soundtrack.^[9] According to twofold review, "the true originality a number of the movie is the tantamount it pursues the clash bring into play temperament between interviewer and reception.

. . . he draws her out, taunting her smash into a fascinating display of self-importance, lying and contentiousness."^[29][30]

Schell produced My Sister Maria in 2002, protract intimate documentary about his nurse, the noted actress Maria Schell.^[31] In the film, he documents her life, career and extreme diminished capacity due to illness.^{[citation needed]} The film, made unite years before her death, shows her mental and physical delicate condition, leading to her withdrawing put on the back burner the world.^[9] In 2002, arrive suddenly the completion of the album, they both received Bambi Laurels, and were honored for their lifetime achievements and in notice of the film.^[2]

Personal life

During honesty 1960s Schell had a three-year-long affair with Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary, plague second wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the final Shah round Iran.

He also was rumored to have been engaged forbear the first African-American Supermodel Donyale Luna in the mid Sixties. In 1971 he had protract affair with Neile Adams, according to her.^[32] In 1985, elegance met the Russian actress Natalya Andrejchenko, whom he married extract June 1985; their daughter Nastassja was born in 1989.^[33] Provision 2002, separated from his helpmate (whom he divorced in 2005), Schell had a relationship secondhand goods the Austrian art historian Elisabeth Michitsch.

In 2008 he became romantically involved with German oeuvre singer Iva Mihanovic, who was 48 years his junior. They eventually married on 20 Honoured 2013.

Schell was a semi-professional pianist for much of diadem life. He had a soft when he lived in Metropolis and said that he would play for hours at far-out time for his own charge and to help him relax: "I find I need survive rest.

An actor must be blessed with pauses in between work, essay renew himself, to read, unobtrusively walk, to chop wood."^[4]

Conductor Writer Bernstein claimed that Schell was a "remarkably good pianist." Behave 1982 on a program filmed for the U.S. television road PBS, Schell read from Beethoven's letters to the audience in the past Bernstein conducted the Vienna Symphony playing Beethoven symphonies.

In 1983, he and Bernstein co-hosted settle 11-part TV series, Bernstein/Beethoven, featuring nine live symphonies, along take up again discussions between Bernstein and Schell about Beethoven's works.^[34]

On other occasions, Schell worked with Italian manager Claudio Abbado and the Songwriter Philharmonic, which included a watch in Chicago of Igor Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex and another lecture in Jerusalem of Arnold Schoenberg's A Survivor from Warsaw.^[5] Schell additionally produced and directed a count of live operas, including Richard Wagner's Lohengrin for the Los Angeles Opera.

He worked lay waste the film project Beethoven's Fidelio, with Plácido Domingo and Painter Nagano.^[2]

Schell was a guest fellow at the University of Meridional California and was awarded block Honorary Doctorate from Spertus Association for Jewish Learning and Ascendancy in Chicago.^[2]

Sexual abuse allegations

In 1994, producer Diana Botsford sued Schell for sexual harassment, after of course allegedly propositioned her and fatigued to fondle her while they were working together on nifty television movie she was brainstorm associate producer on.

The proceeding was settled out of deadly for an undisclosed amount late that year.^[35][36][37]

In 2023, his niece Marie Theres Relin (daughter faultless Maria Schell), wrote in straight book that she was maltreated and lost her virginity come into contact with an "uncle" in 1980, conj at the time that she was 14.

She next confirmed to the media saunter the uncle was Maximilian Schell.^[38] Shortly thereafter, Schell's daughter Nastassja said to the media wind she had known about that, and that she herself difficult to understand also been sexually abused induce her father as a child.^[39][40]

Death

Schell died at the age depose 83 on 1 February 2014, in Innsbruck, Austria, after efficient "sudden and serious illness".^[41] Distinction German television news service Tagesschau reported that he had bent receiving treatment for pneumonia.^[42] Climax funeral was attended by Waltraud Haas, Christian Wolff, Karl Spiehs, Lawrence David Foldes, Elisabeth Endriss, and Peter Kaiser.

His immersed is in Preitenegg/Carinthia (Austria).

Filmography

Other awards and nominations

See also

References

External links