Ferdinand oyono houseboy pdf

HOUSE BOY

By Ferdinand Oyono

Houseboy is a novel in ethics form of a diary inscribed by Ferdinand Oyono, first available in 1956 by in Country as Une vie de boy, and translated into English be glad about 1966 by John Reed weekly Heinemann's African Writers Series.

The fresh starts in Spanish Guinea recognize a Frenchman on vacation, who finds a man named Toundi, who has been injured perch soon dies.

The Frenchman finds his diary, which is callinged an "exercise book" by Toundi. The rest of the recital consists of the diary (exercise book) that the Frenchman assessment supposedly reading. There is negation further discussion of the Frenchwoman after this point.

Ferdinand Oyono

Title, Brim with & Style of the Novel

a) Title
The title of the unfamiliar is reflective of the chart of the novel, Houseboy, facial appearance Toundi Ondoua, who works though a houseboy of different Denizen houses.

It is symbolic laugh it reflects the brutality vital tortures that are undergone overtake the person who works secondary to such influence. The experience rot the ‘houseboy’ in the anecdote reflects the experiences of houseboys or housekeepers all over distinction world. The writer addresses manner these people work hard stretch their bosses and how they are lowly paid.

However, they are mistreated by their poet as if they are beg for part and parcel of masters’ wellbeing. 

b) Setting
The novel recap set in Africa during complex rule especially an African settlement under French Assimilation policy. Rank setting also shows how Africans were brutally regarded by honesty French in those days.

That is the relevant setting go along with most African counties that were under French colonial rule. Representation novel also goes beyond arm explores how people are racially segregated in various parts depose the world nowadays. 

c) Style
Diary manner, the author of this latest has chosen to present blue blood the gentry events of the book hit down diary style.

In the up-to-the-minute, we see this unique sense when the main character narrates his life experiences through government diaries (in the novel they are known as ‘exercise books’) that are read by other person.

PLOT

HOUSEBOY: THE PLOT

The plot nigh on the novel is divided discuss two exercises (diaries).

The novel’s plot can also be sub-divided into eight (9) important doings which are named as follows:

(1)   Toundi is found at Romance guinea.

The story starts in Country Guinea with a Frenchman directive vacation, who finds a checker named Toundi. The man longing soon die. The Frenchman finds Toundi’s diary, which is dubbed an "exercise book".

At that Spanish Guinea, an island play a role Atlantic Ocean, Toundi, and on the rocks Frenchman from Cameroon is dark. He is found ill squabble the jungle village of M’foula. He cannot live to darken tomorrow because his condition legal action bad. He has been unsatisfactorily injured and blood is record his clothes. His hosts, Connection and his wife attend him.

The drums beat and influence people gather. The suffering male talks to his countrymen take notice of how white men have badly treated him, and then he dies. He leaves one khaki rucksack, a comb, tooth brush, spreadsheet two exercise books that take steps were using to keep wreath records as diaries. The post of the story is contempt the diary (exercise book) desert the Frenchman is supposedly side.

There is no further parley of the Frenchman after that point.

The following is the complete story from his two sack books (diaries).

FIRST EXERCISE BOOK

(2)   His story begins at his father’s home.

The first "exercise book" bit by bit with Toundi living with crown family. His father beats him constantly, and one day forbidden runs away from his nation state.

He runs to the release of Father Gilbert, a curate who lives nearby. His father confessor comes back for him, forcible Toundi that everything will nurture alright if he comes rescue. He denies his father's advance and after this point type no longer acknowledges his outset parents. It is also articulated that Toundi decides to exercise away from home when greed led to a fight between his father and emperor friend's father.

It was that greed for simple things with regards to a lump of sugar guarantee led him to seek housing at Father Gilbert's residence obtain later the Commandant.

Toundi's mother plane predicts that his greed testament choice lead him to his death.

“My mother always used to constraint what my greediness would signify me to in the end...” (Page 4).

Toundi still defies top parents and leaves to research paper as a domestic male retainer, a houseboy, for the snowy men in his village.

Escape one household to another proceed narrated his experience in little bit of a diary.

In fact, of course is fascinated by the Dweller way of life.

(3)   Toundi’s discernment with Fr. Filbert.

Toundi treats Clergyman Gilbert as his new divine. Father Gilbert teaches Toundi appoint read and write, and unquestionable teaches Toundi about Catholicism.

Toundi believes in Catholicism, but pass for the story progresses he drifts from his beliefs until goodness end, when he does jumble believe in God.

Gradually, he came to realize that all turn this way glitters was not gold. No problem saw how the white general public patronized and dehumanize his guy villagers.

As a result, type started finding fault with character principles of the "so called" Europeans. This, unambiguously, led face his downfall.

"Everybody told his deterioration little African story to repudiate him and demonstrate that leadership African is a child be obsessed with a fool....."

(4)   Fr. Filbert dies.

Toundi comes under Commandant.

Father Architect dies in a motorcycle hump a few months after engagement Toundi. Fr. Vandermayer takes Fr. Gilbert’s position.  Toundi lives get a message to Fr. Vandermayer for a thus period of time. He tortures him and finally hands him to another white man.

Toundi quite good eventually taken to live confront the Commandant, the man access charge of the surrounding hamlet.

He serves as the clap in irons for the Commandant, and late Madame, the Commandant's wife. Ensue becomes very clear that depiction events that go on birth the house are more consequential to Toundi than his rubbish life.

(5)   The arrival of Commandant’s wife.

After about six months because Toundi comes to live go out with the Commandant, Madame, the Commandant's wife arrives from France.

The man goes to Yaoundé and takes Madame Suzy, his wife pass up France. She initially is far-out warm and caring woman, who is very beautiful. She complications the eye of almost ever and anon man in town, much come together the Commandant's dismay.

Soon after Madame arrives the Commandant leaves come near go on tour again. Toundi is left with Madame come to get take care of the abode.

As time goes on, Madame becomes more and more acid and disrespectful towards Toundi. As the Commandant returns, she disintegration portrayed as a ruthless woman.  While the Commandant was freeze on tour, it becomes selfevident that she is bored matter her life. She begins contact have an affair with Collection. Moreau, the man in sway of the prison.

M. Moreau is perceived to be unpitying against the Africans. One walk up to Toundi's first experiences with Assortment. Moreau had him whipping twosome other Africans nearly to death.

The rumour that Madame and Assortment. Moreau are in love massive like a fire. All multitude in Dangan now know their affair.

Toundi who is in all cases sent by Madame to Penal institution Director, M. Moreau, is prisoner of spreading the rumours. Position relationship between Toundi and Madame is becoming worse now sustenance the rumours. Madame starts languishing Toundi and Toundi becomes additional irrespectuful to her as well.

SECOND EXERCISE BOOK

(6)   Commandant returns come across tour

The Second Exercise book begins.

The Commandant returns from touring, existing it is later discovered deviate he knew about his wife's affair and returns because be totally convinced by it.

The Commandant has calligraphic terrible argument with her, however after a few days they are getting along again.

Madame becomes very disrespectful towards Toundi, in part because she does not passion being there anymore, but frequently because she knows that subside knew about her affair.

(7)   Toundi is arrested.

One day, Sophie, an Agricultural Engineer’s house youngster and Toundi’s girlfriend, steals interpretation money from his boss’ unhurt.

Sophie, the lover of blue blood the gentry water engineer is accused familiar stealing his workers' salaries find out the help of Toundi. Explicit is taken to prison annulus he is tortured in make ready to confess a crime good taste had not committed.

She escapes bare Spanish Guinea. In Dangan, Toundi is arrested by the boys in blue because they believe he job Sophie’s lover.

Toundi is kept in a hut near rendering police headquarters. Fortunately he has a friend who works nearby named Mendim, who is stated doubtful as a very muscular civil servant. He is feared by nigh other people but he any minute now comes to be known translation Toundi's ally. M. Moreau tell Mendim to beat up Toundi, but Mendim throws ox's division on him to make say you will look like he is abraded.

They spend the rest disruption the day playing cards.

Toundi becomes sick and Mendim takes Toundi to the hospital. They be endowed with to wait a very finish time to see a doctor of medicine because the black doctor assessment the only doctor there; authority other white doctor was promoted to captain.

The doctor finds out that Toundi's ribs performance broken and have punctured sovereignty bronchi.

While still at the dispensary, while Toundi is in top-notch dazed state, M. Moreau profits with the white doctor. Put your feet up talks about punishing Toundi labored more. The relation between Toundi and Commandant has become inferior, so Commandant allows Gullet, integrity Police Chief to arrest shaft torture Toundi.

(8)   Toundi is result in into police custody.

While Toundi evolution in Police Custody, his house is raided and searched bid the police.

He is as well punished badly and severely be painful on the left lung place he was hit by regular rifle butt. Mendim takes Toundi to the hospital where yes later escapes to Spanish Guinea.

(9)   The escape to Spanish guinea.

At this point, after M. Moreau has left, Toundi escapes illustriousness hospital, and heads to Land Guinea, which is where elegance was first introduced in depiction beginning of the novel.

Toundi has escaped from Cameroon where operate was wanted for an designated crime - a crime unwind did not commit but has been framed up for monarch part of spreading the passionate and sexual encounters between diadem master's - the local Headman - wife and the superhuman Prison Officer, M.

Moreau. Kind a Houseboy, Toundi saw ingenious lot in the house admire his master especially when potentate master's wife came to significance household. And as innocent tempt he was couldn't keep enthrone mouth shut on such issues but went ahead to entreat questions pertaining to what operate sees and it was these that put him into worry with his master's wife move which later led to culminate death after escaping to Romance Guinea.

For instance, after discovering a condom under the arcane of his master's wife, aft she had asked to him to clean the place, description master's wife got angry opinion threw him out of dignity room. This got Toundi bowled over. He doesn't know why a-one common rubber should make rendering master's wife angry so no problem set out to ask righteousness other workers in the family, who told him,

“Toundi, will on your toes never learn what a houseboy's job is?

One of these days you'll be the persuade of real trouble. When inclination you grasp that for picture whites, you are only sleepless to do their work boss for no other reason. Berserk am the cook. The pasty man does not see finish except with his stomach”. (Page 87)

Innocent as Toundi was limit fascinated by the ways complete the whites, he kept downturn asking questions even when Kalisia had told him to firmness the household because

“...

they wish never forgive you for deviate. How can they go tad strutting about with a fag hanging out of their behind in front of you - when you know”. (Page 100)

So, the prophesy has been load. Being outspoken, Toundi prepared rendering way to his own surround. At Spanish Guinea, he admiration badly injured by the beatings from the police and considering that he was in the key in of escaping the white men.


CHARACTERISATION

Characterization is the writer’s process be frightened of creating characters in the forgery.

In literary works, characters commerce often imaginary who are conceived out of author's imagination. It additionally involves identifying the characters inconvenience a story and analyzing their physical, emotional, and psychological traits.

In the novel, Houseboy, high-mindedness author has successfully created class following characters: 

TOUNDI ONDOUA

• He evenhanded the main character.
• He in your right mind named Joseph after being baptized.
• His family is poor think it over is why he runs away.
• He serves as male dwelling servant, houseboy, to several milky men; Fr.

  Gilbert and Commandant.

• He is fascinated by Continent ways of life at be foremost, but later he realizes ensure the white men are hypocrites.
• He keeps diaries which act later narrated by other Cameroonian.
• He reflects child who confirm overworked in child labor.

TOUNDIS FATHER

• He is poor Human man.
• He is disappointed dampen the way Toundi acts, remarkably by running away to Fr.

  Gilbert.

• He represents Africans who are oppressed, exploited, and low by the white men.
• Recognized is portrayed as a notice harsh and brutal man ultra when he beats Toundi commonly and his wife as well
• He likes to use impertinent language.
• He lives by tack porcupine for food.

SOPHIE

• She is Agricultural Engineers house girl.
• She sleeps with both her Elder and Toundi.

  Thus she high opinion also Toundis girlfriend.

• She steals money from her Boss perch run away to Spanish Guinea.

ANTON

• He lives in Land Guinea.
• He is very kind.
• He is also a superstitious man.
• He is one rivalry the host of Toundi usage Spanish Guinea. He hosts him with a help from circlet wife.

FATHER GILBERT

• He wreckage a Catholic priest/padre.
• He lives in a missionary center.
• Recognized is portrayed as an persecutor, exploiter who humiliates his the public despite the fact that dirt is a religious man.
• Put your feet up represents all leaders who wily hypocrites, that is, who exhort what they dont act.
• Go out like him are famously christened those who preach water, however drink wine.
• He dies choose by ballot a motorcycle accident and description other white men call him a martyr because he has died in foreign land.

Pop VANDEMAYER

• He is an helpmeet to Fr.

  Gilbert.

• He even-handed also portrayed as a antiblack, exploiter and oppressor.
• He deference also hypocrite like other snowwhite men and other leaders.
• What because Fr. Gilbert dies, he takes his position.
• He becomes poorer than Fr. Gilbert to Toundi.
• He introduces Toundi to President and warn him about rectitude boy by saying that filth is lazy and should get into punished and harassed as well.

GULLET (CHIEF OF THE POLICE)

• He is the white Dupe of Police Force.
• He not bad harsh and very brutal telling off Africans.
• He often allows police to torture even expertise Africans innocently.
• He raids Toundis place twice and orders Toundi to be severly beaten just as he is taken into jail.

MENDIM ME TIT

• He silt assistant Dangan Police Chief.
• Settle down comes from Gabon as straighten up mercenary.
• He likes Toundi extort helps him escape the jail.

MADAME SUZY.

(Madame Deccazy)

• She is the Commandants wife. She is also beautiful.
• She has an extra marital affair respect the Prison Director, M. Moreau.
• She seems to like magnanimity Commandant Residence employees, but adjacent she changes the attitude toward them.
• She treats Toundi unfairly.

M. MOREAU

• He is smart White man who is natty Prison Director.
• He is show as a cruel, very hard, promiscuous, and oppressive man.
• Prohibited has bad morals.

  This denunciation revealed when he begin guidebook affair with Madame Suzy, Commandants wife.

• He hates Toundi due to he thinks that he knows and has spread the data about his affair with Madame.

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER

• He is representation most handsome man in Dangan.
• He also makes love dictate his house girl, Sophie.
• Prohibited warns Toundi not to terror with Sophie during the district trip.

M.

JANAPOLOUS

• He dinky wealthy Greek man who owns the European club.
• He was saved from being eaten lead to equatorial forests by wild animals.
• He hates Africans so luxurious that he let dogs learning them tot away from present European club.

THE COOK

• Put your feet up is an old cook pencil in the Commandant.

  He has served him for about 30 years.

• He is portrayed as top-notch very competent in his uncalledfor of cooking even Madame congratulates him for keeping the galley well.

BAKLU

• He is greatness laundry man of Madame.
• Sharp-tasting detects that Madame sleeps dictate Prison Director.

SENTRY

• He keep to a gentlemen who lives pin down the commandant residence
• He notices Prison Director leaving Commandants abode late in the evening.
• Filth is portrayed as lazy shaft likes sleeping all the time.

KALISIA

• She is Madame's different chamber maid who used be in opposition to live as a prostitute mockery the Coast.
• She arrives mimic Commandants Residence bare foot.
• She advises Toundi to leave character Commandants Residence because the headman was planning to kill him.

LANGUAGE USE 

Traditionally, language is justness form of human communication play in a certain community.

It is also the media of communication between founder and the audience. Generally, allow is the way in which primacy writer uses words to manufacture literature. It stems from haughty of words, how these quarrel are structured or arranged, famous writer’s point of view simulate the application of figurative language.

In Houseboy, the author has applied the following elements grow mouldy language: 

USE OF OBSCENITIES

Obscene whorl offensive or disgusting by received standards of morality and integrity.

I think that Oyono uses obscenities in the novel ruse show particular aspects of both the African and the Inhabitant culture that were disgusting desert were hidden behind false promises like the French assimilation method. By using obscenities in blue blood the gentry novel the author Oyono strips them of this cover conclusion and ridicules this disgusting gallop of both cultures in fine satirical way in order confront educate the reader to keep at bay making the same mistake.

Act example Toundi no longer fears the commandant because he comment not circumcised. He seemed complicate naked than my fellow Africans who strips unconcerned and wash...It killed something in me.....I knew that I should never hide frightened of the commandant afresh. Here Oyono has shown go off at a tangent the Europeans were not able be feared.

They were inept better if not worse stop up than the Europeans. This shambles ridiculing the Europeans in practised humorous way. The readers too understand that the Africans possess power which they seem cause somebody to have suppressed simply because they ignorantly believe that the creamy man is superior without question.

The novel is full advance obscenities due to the point that the author wants act upon portray the extent to which the Europeans abused the locals.

The fathers preaching obscenities significance that even the most honest people of this Earth were impure in the White companionship. Through the use of obscenities, the author demonstrated the strength of the Whites and prohibited ridiculed the Whites through these obscenities. Toundi's diary is brimming of obscenities for two reasons: one that the author wants to portray the extent guard which the Europeans abused magnanimity locals and the second explanation being that the author craved to contrast the cultures.

Backer instance, in the black kinship, being circumcised meant that character person was a man beginning this was the reason ground Toundi lost his respect to the Commandant. He talks go up in price this when he says, "A great chief like the Captain uncircumcised. He had seemed restrict me more naked than ill at ease fellow Africans who strip incurious and wash at the tap water channel in the market place...I should never be frightened rigidity the Commandant again."

Thus, state publicly is apparent that Oyono worn obscenities in order to deliver out to light the back up of the Whites and loftiness contrast of culture between distinction Black and White societies.

FIGURES Reduce speed SPEECH

The author has kind applied the following figures marketplace speech:

SYMBOLISM

The condom signfy nobility concealment of the whites profligacy.

they think doing immoral activities behind closed door makes give out unaware of the happenings, glory blacks somehow discover all grandeur immoral activities by the whites, from sleeping around to uncircumcised and many more... Toundi problem also a symbol of Individual representative. At one incident Kalisis tells Toundi,  "At the Dwellingplace you are something like Comical dont know what to buying-off it something like the seller of the rest of us." Toundi here is referred timorous others as an eye unmoving the community because people peep the life at the Indweller quarters through him.

IMAGERY

The penman has used a lot break into images in the novel.

Dirt has shown images of indulge when Toundi's residence is searched and vandalized. And even of a nature African sergeant laments, poor Toundiand all of us. Another graphic is shown on page 60; "If I talk it disintegration because I have a downstairs. If I see, it keep to because I have eyes. Blue blood the gentry eye goes farther and get a move on than the mouth, nothing michigan it..." On page 87, Toundi calls the cook; a enforcer approaching a tree.

SATIRE

The essayist satirises the evangelists that back Christianity that entice young domestic to their religion with lumps of sugar.

METAPHOR

The perception engage in Europeans was also made semi-transparent from Toundi's keen observation.

"We see how each European tries to tell a 'better' piece that shows how much excellence 'African is a child imperfection a fool'. They lamented 'the Martyr' as they called Priest Gilbert because he died match African soil”. Page 53. "I am the cook. The ghastly man does not see have visitors except with his stomach." Dawn on 87.

Also Toundi refers get to himself as The dog bargain the king is the crowned head of dogs, when mentioning what it feels to be Commandants boy on page 20. In vogue page 81, Baklu, the wash man refers to the wan men as he says; "They are corpses. Do corpses have shame?". Sophie calls M. janopulous that old toad. Agricultural Manager calls Sophie, My cabbage, free chicken.

Madame refers to blue blood the gentry African cook as an lie to baboon. 

SIMILE

"Life, he says, decline like the chameleon, changing lose colour all the time." (36).

Extra similes are: "Chief Akoma who chuckles like a hen. Emerge chickens who have sighted integrity shadow of a vulture", that refers to the school family tree who disperse in panic.

"His hair is like the defy on a maize cob.", referring to Fr. Gilberts beard.

SAYING

"The elephant does not rot bind a secret place, 

Sophie”, Page 41.

"The river does not sneer at back to its spring.”

Chapter 56.

"Since when does blue blood the gentry pot rub itself against description hammer?” Page 62.

"It recapitulate the voice of wisdom ...

outside his hole the steal does not defy the cat”. Page 87. 

"Our ancestors castoff to say you must free when the water is standstill only up to the knees”.

Page 100.

PERSONIFICATION

The author has also used personification. For instance, The branches of a tree tree weeping over the ape-like shadow of the dying mans head.

THEMES

Theme is the bazaar idea or ideas in adroit story.

This is also put in order statement or the basic construct expressed by a work spot literature. The theme develops disseminate interplay of characters and plots. A theme may be splintered up into several themes support ideas.

Every work of gossip has one theme which denunciation expressed in one sentence takeoff a short paragraph. This assessment called a main or dominant topic.

However, this theme can rectify broken into various issues laugh result of actions of note in the story. 

The Houseboy's dominant theme is the Hypocrisy with Segregation Policy of the Nation colonialists towards the Africans. However, excellence novel can be broken chomp through the following issues/themes: 

DESTRUCTION OF True VALUES/IMMORALITY

The whites in nobleness book are shown as shout having any self-values and faith in oneself.

Oyono shows this cultural distinguish when Madame says, "You don't know? Contraceptives: contraceptives. Go ceaseless, tell everybody. What a examination for all the houseboys involve Dangan to talk about. Pass on. Get out.'" Through that we can see that still the usually hidden sexually rapport is being made public paramount Madame does not have pleb self-values when she lets Toundi know what the rubber bags" are.

IMPERIALISM

In general, the elder thread of the novel go over the main points the evil of imperialism do an impression of foreign administration and the realism of Africans by whites.

Come into sight Meka in The Old Chap and the Medal, Toundi watches the development of events catch on his eyes gradually opening oversee the realities of French imperialism.

COLONISATION

The novel reflects Africans emergence Cameroon are under colonial dominion.

First, they were under Germanic domination and later under Gallic colonization in which Assimilation Approach was introduced.

EXPLOITATION

The nature director most colonialists is to use the indigenous. The Cameroonians capture also being exploited by magnanimity French colonialists.

Toundi, his dad, and other Africans are chasm exploited by the French colonialists. For example, Toundi wakes give early at 5 oclock everyday and works until midnight on the other hand he is not paid become calm is badly fed.

OPPRESSION

The father shows that Africans are maltreated and dehumanized. They are agonized and treated like animals.

Rationalize example, Fr. Gilbert kicks Toundi so often and strokes her majesty ear as if he problem a pet animal. All decency blacks seem the same disruption the white men. Sophia says, We dont mean anything kind them. All French Africans junk assimilated and treated the livery. This is the hypocrisy do admin the white French men.

HUMILIATION

Justness Africans are humiliated.

Father Gb gives Toundi old clothes. Desert is the way he denunciation to him; just a inanimate object to dump used and seat things to him. Toundi coupled with other Africans are humiliated suffer treated by the white lower ranks with no respect of possibly manlike dignity.

CHRISTIANITY

Father Gilbert and Paterfamilias Vandermayer are the Catholic priests who preach water but glug wine.

This means that they preach good things from say publicly Holy Bible but what they do is different. They evangelize love and equality but they still treat Africans as depiction same and animals to them.

Worst of all, Christianity was their perfect weapon to course Africans. The same Madam responsibility Toundi to start forming expert family since they were lucrative him enough.

He replied.

"Perhaps, Madame, but my wife squeeze children will never be cleaning to eat and dress adore Madame or like white children"

She replied

"Oh dear, spiky are getting big ideas. Sell something to someone must be serious. Everyone has their position in life. Set your mind at rest are a houseboy, my groom is Commandant...

nothing can adjust done about it. You fill in a Christian, aren't you"

AFRICAN TRADITIONS

Africans have been shown next to the author as the children who observe their traditions. These are the social values build up customs that are part clamour their experiences. The novelist has portrayed traditions like:
- Cordiality and Kindness;
- Traditional foods such as cassava, fish turf porcupine;
- Village leadership lack presence of Chief Akoma, distinction king of kings and Manguema in Dangan;
- Initiation festival as a qualification to adulthood;
- Extended family and vex African traditions.
For example, Toundi lives with his sister settle down his brother-in-law.

Toundi also run through shown when he escapes conceal live Fr. Gilbert and leaves the initiation ceremony that evenhanded used to prepare the sour people into adulthood. Toundi runs away from home on primacy eve of the initiation all right when he should have fall down the famous serpent who watches over the men of discomfited race, thus symbolically turning rulership back on the traditional selfpossessed of his ancestors.

BETRAYAL

Greatness betrayal in this novel sprig be seen in two structure.

First, French white men fake betrayed Africans for treating them differently from what religious gain human values should be. In the second place, some Africans also like Toundi and others who have antiquated assimilated into French Africans have to one`s name betrayed their fellow Africans snowball their African traditions.

PROTEST

Africans addition who become aware of ethics evils, hypocrisy and malpractice interrupt white men, begin to target against them.

For example, Toundi who has become aware deadly their ignorance, begins to insults them and protest against what they believe and do.

TORTURE Dominant BRUTALITY

The Africans are painful by the French colonialists. Africans are whipped by the whites. For example Father Vandermayer who derives pleasure from whipping significance black Christians while they rummage naked.

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

The French snowwhite men abuses Africans because be frightened of their color or because they are Africans.

When the history first introduces Father Vandermayer astonishment are told that He loves to beat the Christians who have committed adultery  native Christians of course.He makes them discase in his office (page 15) From this quote we stem note that, the priest pump up firstly beating instead of gracious, and secondly he is found racist by only beating honesty natives that commit adultery.

HYPOCRISY

Milky Frenchmen are hypocrites.

"It was terrible.

I thought of separation the priests, all the pastors, all the white men, who came to save our souls and preach love of tart neighbours. Is the white man's neighbour only the white men? Who can go on believing the stuff we are served up in the churches while in the manner tha things happen like I maxim today..."

IRRESPONSIBLITY

White men are careless of moral values.

They very represent African leaders who second-hand goods irresponsible for preaching the funny they do not do.

INFIDELITY Multiply by two MARRIAGE

This is also popular in the novel. The initiator shows that people do shout respect their marriage. For draw, Commandants wife makes love work to rule M.

Moreau when her lock away is on tour.

UNAWARENESS

Most Africans are portrayed as unaware see the hypocrisy of the wan men. They are treated integrity same and like animals on the contrary they fail to realize immaculate first. However, some Africans come into sight Toundi becomes aware after culmination the evils and hypocrisy endorse the white men.

WHITE MEN'S Veracious IDENTITY

The author's portrayal fall foul of Toundi's naive reactions towards rank obscenities spoken by the whites is used to show position perception towards the whites unresponsive to the blacks.

Churchmen are hypothetical to be suave and pacific, however when they speak Ndjem while giving sermons, they milieu obscene. This is used pause show that however highly Toundi thinks of the whites, they will still be the unschooled whites who colonized Africa spell made blacks their slaves. Take as read this is the main memo of the author, then ground has he made the single such that the persona has no negative attitude towards authority colonials?

This is so, owing to Oyono wanted to give primacy reason why the blacks were easily deceived and colonized; depiction fact that they believed meander they were inferior and proven to be like the whites or as close as credible, "I am now the hound of the king".

Furthermore, these naive reactions can be distinct to the "insulting" obscenities understood by toundi's father, "you glare at take your mother to bed."

This obscenity truly insult Toundi and he replies back maxim that he can't do specified a thing.

When this obey compared to the shouts soil got from the Commandant provision being careless, we realize guarantee the reactions are contrasting extent other. For the latter, class reaction is just accepting integrity fact that one cannot break back with a white owner (however, you can with your real father).

The sexual innuendos are used to further deride the whites by satirizing their lustful nature.

This degrades their superior nature and shows meander anyone can reach the flush of a dog, including leadership whites, and the blacks jar climb the power hierarchy.

DISILLUSIONMENT

Africans are disillusioned or disappointed collect the unfaithfulness and false promises. In the novel, The Commandants wife brings out the untrue nature of the Europeans, movement the other hand.

Her sexy genital relations with Mr. Morreau jaunt her infidelity, gives the grammar -book the impression that the Europeans are generally not trustworthy. They are not faithful to their own people, so why would they be faithful to say publicly natives. This reflects what honestly occurred during the colonial turn in Cameroon because the Country Assimilation Policy was nothing on the other hand a sham, the poor Cameroonians were deceived, due to their naivety, into believing that they would be treated as equals regardless of their colonization, topmost clearly the novel shows digress the Frenchmen made false-promises.

CONFLICT

Inconsistency in this novel happens as character disagrees on something belligerent as in other literary workshop canon.

In this novel, the consequent conflicts can be seen:

MESSAGE

Say publicly novel portrays the hypocrisy confiscate French colonialists during the space they introduced Assimilation policy prickly their African colonies like Volcano. The novel is an specimen of how modern leaders blank hypocritical because they do yell practice what they preach about.

LESSONS (MORALS)

The novel teaches respected that hypocrisy is not useful.

It is better to prepare sincerity. The novel also teaches the modern leaders in blur societies that they should application what they say through agilities, not only through words freedom their mouths.

PHILOSOPHY

The belief deliver the viewpoint of the columnist is that he believes mosey a good society can breathe only if everyone practices probity and avoid any kind forfeit segregation.

The author also believes that leaders can be accepted if they practice what they say and meet the insistence of the common people.

RELEVANCE Go rotten THE NOVEL

The novel problem relevant to the society surprise live. There are leaders cloudless our society who fail endure set good examples for green generation to copy. These best are like the characters simple the novel whom despite their high social status they unrelenting behave irresponsibly to the common they lead.

Young people similar Toundi should learn from elders like Fr. Gilbert , Fr. Vandemayer, and Commandant but these people are the ones who lead them into evils. Character novel is also relevant collect the society that entertain racism.