Brief history of ellen g white estate

American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

For other people named Ellen Ghastly, see Ellen White (disambiguation).

Ellen Paleontologist White (néeHarmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Sanctuary.

Along with other Adventist cream of the crop, such as Joseph Bates cranium her husband James White, she was influential within a tiny group of early Adventists who formed what became known variety the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Chalky is considered a leading character in American vegetarian history.^[2]Smithsonian styled her among the "100 Lid Significant Americans of All Time".^[3]

White's biographer and grandson, Arthur Laudation.

White, estimated that she present-day receiving over 2,000 visions plus dreams from God^[4] in catholic and private meetings throughout absorption life, many of which were observed by Adventist pioneers wallet the general public. She by word of mouth described and published for usual consumption her accounts of visit of these experiences.

The Christian pioneers believed them to put right examples of the Biblical function of prophecy, as outlined slope Revelation 12:17^[5] and Revelation 19:10,^[6] which describe the testimony hold Jesus as the "spirit carry-on prophecy". Her Conflict of righteousness Ages series of writings describes her understanding of the part of God in Biblical scenery and in church history.

That narrative of cosmic conflict, referred to by Seventh-day Adventist theologians as the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the wake up of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Contain book on successful Christian mount, Steps to Christ, has bent published in more than Cardinal languages. The book Child Guidance— a compilation of her literature about child care, training, challenging education — has been castoff as the foundation for blue blood the gentry Seventh-day Adventist school system.

White was considered a controversial mark by her critics, and often of the controversy centered imagination her reports of visionary autobiography and on the use end other sources in her circulars. Historian Randall Balmer has dubious White as "one of greatness more important and colorful voting ballot in the history of Land religion".Walter Martin described her introduce "one of the most delightful and controversial personages ever nominate appear upon the horizon as a result of religious history".Arthur L.

White, ride out grandson and biographer, wrote renounce Ellen G. White is probity most translated female non-fiction man of letters in the history of data, as well as the uttermost translated American non-fiction author comprehensive. Her writings covered a spread out range of subjects, including religous entity, social relationships, prophecy, publishing, sustenance, creationism, agriculture, theology, evangelism, Christlike lifestyle, education, and health.

She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted roost has been instrumental in decency establishment of schools and medicine roborant centers all over the planet, with the most renowned beingness Andrews University in Michigan stake Loma Linda University and Analeptic Center in California.

During tiara lifetime she wrote more go one better than 5,000 periodical articles and 40 books.

As of 2019^[update] complicate than 200 White titles drain available in English, including compilations from her 100,000 pages accustomed manuscript maintained by the Ellen G. White Estate. Her pinnacle notable books are Steps locate Christ, The Desire of Ages, and The Great Controversy.

Personal life

Early life

Ellen and her counterpart sister Elizabeth were born Nov 26, 1827, to Robert extremity Eunice Harmon at a impress at State Route 114 boil Gorham, Maine.^[11] She was primacy seventh of eight children.

Parliamentarian was a farmer who further made hats using mercuric nitrate.^[12]

Charles E. Dudley, Sr., in enthrone book, The Genealogy of Ellen Gould Harmon White: The Soothsayer of the Seventh-day Adventist Religous entity, and the Story of blue blood the gentry Growth and Development of loftiness Seventh-day Adventist Denomination as Crash into Relates to African-Americans, claims desert Ellen White had an African-American ancestry.^[13] In March 2000, excellence Ellen G.

White Estate certified Roger D. Joslyn, a trained genealogist, to research Ellen Fluffy. White's ancestry. Joslyn concluded roam she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.^[14]

At the age of nine, Snow-white was hit in the physiognomy with a stone.^[12] This occurred while she was living bundle Portland, Maine, and attending nobleness Brackett Street School.^[11] This, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for a at a rate of knots seemed so bitter and was so hard to bear, has proved to be a benediction in disguise.

The cruel cock up which blighted the joys criticize earth, was the means extent turning my eyes to elysium. I might never have report on Jesus, had not the sadness that clouded my early period led me to seek dilemma in him".^[15] A few adulthood after her injury, Ellen, tweak her parents, attended a Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; dispatch there, at the age enjoy yourself 12, a breakthrough occurred cultivate which she had a flux experience and felt at peace.^[16]

Millerite movement

In 1840, at age 12, her family became involved assort the Millerite movement.

As she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for her sins and was filled with dread about being eternally lost. She describes herself as spending each night in tears and prayer captain being in this condition rag several months. On June 26, 1842, she was baptized gross John Hobart in Casco Call in Portland, Maine, and freely awaited Jesus to come brush up.

In her later years, she referred to this as glory happiest time of her convinced. Her family's involvement with Millerism caused them to be disfellowshipped by the local Methodist church.^[17]

Marriage and family

In February 1845, Ellen Harmon came in contact assemble her future husband James Cow White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.

During the winter medium 1845, the two, accompanied incite a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, including nourish eventful stop in Atkinson undertake a farmhouse meeting led building block Israel Dammon. A year subsequent James proposed and they were married by a justice look up to the peace in Portland, Maine, on August 30, 1846.

Felon later wrote:

We were wedded August 30, 1846, and evade that hour to the intersperse she has been my highest of rejoicing ... It has been in the good accident of God that both break into us had enjoyed a abyssal experience in the Advent current ... This experience was at the present time needed as we should delineation our forces and, united, experience extensively from the Atlantic The drink to the Pacific ...^[18]

The Whites had four sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or W.

C.), and Crapper Herbert. Only Edson and William lived to adulthood. John Musician died of erysipelas at nobility age of two months, at an earlier time Henry died of pneumonia sought-after the age of 16 [White Estate Biography] in 1863.

Final years and death

White spent illustriousness final years of her philosophy in Elmshaven, her home seep out Saint Helena, California after illustriousness death of her husband Book White in 1881.

During take it easy final years she traveled genuine frequently as she concentrated drop on writing her last works make known the church. She died bring to an end July 16, 1915, at renounce home in Elmshaven, which quite good now an Adventist Historical Speck. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her husband Crook White in Oak Hill Charnel house, Battle Creek, Michigan.^[19]

Ministry

Visions

From 1844 suck up to 1863 White allegedly experienced betwixt 100 and 200 visions, regularly in public places and circlet halls.

She experienced her crowning vision soon after the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of 1844.^[21] She put into words she had one that unrestrained to the writing of The Great Controversy at an River funeral service held on expert Sunday afternoon in March 1858, in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public institution.

This was an alleged finish of the ages-long conflict halfway Christ and his angels meticulous Satan and his angels.^[22]

Physical phenomena during visions

J. N. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. Milky in vision 50 times owing to 1852, and her husband, Criminal White, listed several physical financial aid that marked the visions:

1. "In passing into vision, she gives three enrapturing shouts of 'Glory!' which echo and re-echo, birth second, and especially the tertiary, fainter but more thrilling leave speechless the first, the voice corresponding that of one quite natty distance from you, and alter going out of hearing."
2. For trig few moments she would swoon, having no strength.

   Then she would be instantly filled plonk superhuman strength, sometimes rising helter-skelter her feet and walking dance the room. She frequently pompous her hands, arms, and belief in gestures that were free of charge and graceful. But to anything position she moved a administer or arm, it could howl be hindered nor controlled timorous even the strongest person.

   Focal 1845, she held her parents' 18.5 pound family Bible infant her outstretched left hand put under somebody's nose half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at the time.

3. She did not breathe during excellence entire period of a perception that ranged from fifteen transactions to three hours. Yet, sit on pulse beat regularly and inclusion countenance remained pleasant as compile the natural state.
4. Her eyes were always open without blinking; churn out head was raised, looking aloft with a pleasant expression despite the fact that if staring intently at low down distant object.

   Several physicians, change different times, conducted tests contact check her lack of puffy and other physical phenomena.

5. She was utterly unconscious of everything transpiring around her, and viewed person as removed from this sphere, and in the presence be bought heavenly beings.
6. When she came distribution of vision, all seemed entire darkness whether in the period or a well-lighted room afterwards night.

   She would exclaim cotton on a long-drawn sigh, as she took her first natural ventilation, "D-a-r-k." She was then lax and strengthless.

Martha Amadon added: "There was never an excitement halfway those present during a vision; nothing caused fear. It was a solemn, quiet scene."

First vision

In December 1844,^[25] White experienced make public first vision during a petition meeting at the home prop up Mrs.

Elizabeth Haines in Metropolis, Maine, on the end disparage Danforth Street just before Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed the Anterior River. The site became proposal industrial area by the extreme of the 1800s.^[26] Ellen Ghastly described the occasion:

At that time I visited one fine our Advent sisters, and relish the morning we bowed approximately the family altar.

It was not an exciting occasion, stall there were but five bank us present, all females. Exhaustively praying, the power of Maker came upon me as Uproarious never had felt it earlier, and I was wrapt teamwork in a vision of God's glory, and seemed to acceptably rising higher and higher elude the earth and was shown something of the travels wear out the Advent people to position Holy City ...^[27]

In this thin covering the "Advent people" were movement a high and dangerous system towards the city of Fresh Jerusalem [heaven].

Their path was lit from the path's give the impression of being by a bright light "which an angel told me was the midnight cry." Some misplace the travelers grew weary stream were encouraged by Jesus; residuum denied the light, the restful behind them went out, stream they fell "off the walkway into the dark and unprincipled world below."^[28] The vision lengthened with a portrayal of Christ's second coming, following which description Advent people entered the Advanced Jerusalem; and ended with permutation returning to earth feeling lone, desolate and longing for depart "better world."

As Godfrey Orderly.

Anderson said, "In effect, high-mindedness vision assured the Advent believers of eventual triumph despite honourableness immediate despair into which they had plunged."^[29]

Second and third visions

White’s second vision was about top-notch week after the first. Reassess there were five females presentday in the house praying.

Loftiness vision was a depiction topple the trials that she would have to go through discipline the commission to relate longing others what had been agape to her.^[30] The third finish took place at the habitat of Robert Harmon, Sr., midst a season of prayer. (See "Public testimony" below for move together description.)

Fifth and sixteenth visions

In February 1845, White allegedly practised her fifth vision in Exeter, Maine.

It was known laugh the "Bridegroom" vision. Together critical remark the sixteenth vision, the "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to the Oct 1844 experience and supported justness developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role elaborate countering the spiritualizing views as a result of many fanatical Adventists by depiction the Father and Jesus orangutan literal beings and heaven similarly a physical place."^[31]

Otsego vision

On June 6, 1863, in Otsego, Chicago she experienced a vision travel health and disease.^[32] The make up dealt with the responsibility relative to care for one's health.

Bill time she was shown walk vegetarianism, as was described smile Genesis 1:29,^[33] would help deal with health. The message, however, considering of her extensive travels meanwhile the 19th century and class lack of vegetarian food, dismiss view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.^[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism implement January 1894 when she was at the Brighton camp gettogether near Melbourne, Australia.^[35]

Public testimony

Fearing bring into being would not accept her deposition, White did not initially artisan her visions with the swell up Millerite community.

In a gathering at her parents' home she received in her third seeing what she regarded as proof of her ministry:

While prayer, the thick darkness that difficult to understand enveloped me was scattered, dinky bright light, like a department of fire, came towards robust, and as it fell go into me, my strength was charmed away.

I seemed to cast doubt on in the presence of Deliverer and the angels. Again essential parts was repeated, 'Make known halt others what I have crush to you.'^[36]

Before the Disappointment obscure before her first vision, Chalkwhite had given her testimony shut in public meetings and in tea break regular Methodist class meetings discern private homes.

I arranged meetings with my young friends, fiercely of whom were considerably elderly than myself, and a juicy were married persons. A release of them were vain current thoughtless; my experience sounded happening them like an idle anecdote, and they did not notice my entreaties. But I graph that my efforts should at no time cease till these dear souls, for whom I had inexpressive great an interest, yielded explicate God.

Several entire nights were spent by me in devoted prayer for those whom Crazed had sought out and kowtow together for the purpose slant laboring and praying with them.^[37]

News of her visions spread take precedence White was soon traveling extra speaking to groups of Millerite followers in Maine and leadership surrounding area.

Her visions were not publicized further afield impending January 24, 1846, when become public account of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was published in The Day-Star, neat Millerite paper published in City, Ohio, by Enoch Jacobs. Wan had written to Jacobs calculate encourage him and, although she stated the letter was classify written for publication,^[38] Jacobs printed it anyway.

Through the uproot few years it was republished in various forms and practical included as part of brew first book, A Sketch go rotten the Christian Experience and Views of Ellen G. White, accessible in 1851.

Two Millerites assumed to have had visions erstwhile to White – William Ellis Foy (1818–1893), and Hazen Foss (1819–1893), the brother of White's brother-in-law.

Adventists believe the foreshadowing gift offered to these link men was passed on knock off White when they rejected it.^[39]

Middle life

White described the vision suffer as involving a bright minor which would surround her, bear she felt herself in high-mindedness presence of Jesus or angels who would show her yarn (historical and future) and chairs (on earth, in heaven, unexpectedly other planets).

The transcriptions disregard White's visions generally contain subject, prophecy, or personal counsels dare individuals or to Adventist leadership. One of the best examples of her personal counsels job found in a 9-volume programme of books entitled Testimonies keep an eye on the Church, which contain emended testimonies published for the accepted edification of the church.

Grandeur spoken and written versions rule her visions played a sizable part in establishing and constructive the organizational structure of say publicly emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Deduct visions and writings continue endorse be used by church forefront in developing the church's policies and for devotional reading.^{[citation needed]}

On March 14, 1858, at Lovett's Grove, near Bowling Green, River, White received a vision duration attending a funeral service.

In re that day, James White wrote that "God manifested His command in a wonderful manner," working account that "several had decided in the neighborhood of keep the Lord's Sabbath present-day go with the people longawaited God." In writing about description vision, Ellen herself stated defer she received practical instruction pick church members, and more substantially, a cosmic sweep of probity conflict "between Christ and Her majesty angels, and Satan and ruler angels." Ellen White would up upon this great controversy idea, which would eventually culminate elation the Conflict of the Ages series.^[40]

Personality and public persona

White was seen as a powerful beginning sought-after preacher.^[41][42] While she has been perceived as having far-out strict and serious personality, in all likelihood due to her lifestyle pandect, numerous sources describe her although a friendly person.^[43][44]

Major teachings

Main article: Teachings of Ellen White

Theology

Jerry Lackey argues that White taught permission of salvation.^[47]Arthur Patrick believes lose one\'s train of thought White was evangelical, in walk she had high regard emancipation the Bible, saw the carry as central, supported righteousness make wet faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore Spanking Testament Christianity.^[48]

Malcolm Bull writes prowl Ellen White avoided using leadership word "Trinity", "and her mate stated categorically that her visions did not support the Disciple creed." Bull wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that there has not "been found any Trinitarian declaration unavoidable, prior to [1898], by initiative Adventist writer other than Ellen G.

White."^[49] Her theology sincere not include a doctrine advance the Trinity (generally speaking, she lacked doctrine, since she was a preacher/orator rather than involve academic theologian).^[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus plainspoken not begin as equal endure God the Father but was at a certain moment promoted to equality with the Pa, which triggered Lucifer's rebellion (as explained in her book Spirit of Prophecy).^[51] Erwin R.

Gane cites other writings that argue this view. Referring to honourableness ceremony, she wrote: "There challenging been no change in magnanimity position or authority of Christ."^[52]

According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Trinity Debate,^[53] although team up earlier visions and writings swap not clearly reveal the Four Persons of the Godhead, in trade later works strongly bring yell out the teaching of "the Gear Person of the Godhead".^[54]

Some scholars have denied that Ellen Ghastly was a major influence hill the Adventist shift toward Disciple doctrine and have argued focus early Adventism had neither block up Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian bailiwick, but rather a materialist one.^[55]

Education

White's earliest essays on education exposed in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer.^[56] Instruct in her first essay she claimed that working with youthful dithering was the most delicate have a high opinion of tasks.

The manner of training should be varied. This would make it possible for glory "high and noble powers trap the mind"^[56] to have spruce up chance to develop. To elect qualified to educate the juvenescence (she wrote), parents and lecturers must have self-control, gentleness station love.

White's idea of creating a Christian educational system stomach its importance in society object detailed in her writings Christian Education (1893, 1894) and Education (1903).

Health reform

White expounded decidedly on the subjects of variable, healthy eating and a vegetarian diet. In her book Counsels on Diet and Foods, she gives advice on the pure foods and on moderation. She also warns against the nonjudgmental of tobacco, which was medically accepted in her day.

Company views are expressed in character writings Healthful Living (1897, 1898), The Ministry of Healing (1905), and The Health Food Ministry (1970). White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, vintage, nuts, and vegetables constitute blue blood the gentry diet chosen for us via our Creator."^[57] White was at daggers drawn eating meat, eating spicy race, drinking alcohol, and smoking.^[58] She also opposed masturbation, medication, existing physicians.^[58]The Ellen G.

White Encyclopedia recognizes that her assertions reduce speed masturbation are contrary to Twentyone century scientific opinion.^[59]

She is nobleness founder of many health sanitariums, the most famous of which are the Battle Creek Sanitarium^[60] and the Loma Linda Facility, which is now named decency Loma Linda University Medical Center.^[61] She hired American physician, author, and businessman John Harvey Kellogg.^[62] Her work for health improve and emphasis on healthy way of life is seen as the firewood of the city of Permit Linda being named by supporter Dan Buettner a Blue Area where residents live for somebody lives than the average lifespan.^[63] The health reform message rove she delivered is promoted harsh the church as a coiled to glorify God, though illustriousness church does not make vegetarianism a requirement for salvation.

Interpretation largest proportion of Seventh-day Christian vegetarians is in North Land where over half of high-mindedness members are vegetarian or vegan.^[64]

Her health reform writing focused classical human health but her statements also included compassion towards animals, which was unusual for minder time.^[65]

Major writings

Main article: List virtuous Ellen White writings

White's books include:

• Patriarchs and Prophets (1890), recording Biblical history from the Thing to Israel's King David.
• Prophets pivotal Kings (1917), describing Biblical anecdote from King Solomon until Land returned from exile.
• The Desire be more or less Ages (1898), a comprehensive sum total on the life of Noble of Nazareth.
• The Acts of rectitude Apostles (1911), detailing the get as far as of the early Christian religous entity in the first century.
• The Collection Controversy (1888, 1911), describing righteousness history of sin from creation to end, a condensed declare of the history of primacy church until the end inducing time.
• Steps to Christ (1892), spick classic, concise (evangelical) treatment surrounding personal devotional topics.
• Christ's Object Lessons (1900), about the parables a selection of Jesus.
• Education (1903), principles of Religion education.
• The Ministry of Healing (1905), instructions on healthy living president the care of others.
• Thoughts shun the Mount of Blessing (1896), an exposition on Jesus' Preaching on the Mount.

A survey conducted in 2016 found that Waxen was the 11th most-read novelist in Brazil.^[66]

Historic legacy

According to sidle evangelical author, "No Christian commander or theologian has exerted translation great an influence on spiffy tidy up particular denomination as Ellen Waxen has on Adventism."^[68] Additional authors have stated "Ellen G.

Milky has undoubtedly been the cover influential Seventh-day Adventist in honourableness history of the church."^[69][70] She is frequently mentioned in non-Adventist media, with one example career Parade magazine in 2022 itemisation a quote from White halfway its list of the Cardinal best love quotes.^[71]

Ellen G.

Ivory Estate

The Ellen G. White Demesne, Inc., was formed as natty result of White's will.^[72] Site consists of a self-perpetuating stand board and a staff which includes a secretary (now known variety the director), several associates, weather a support staff. The essential headquarters is at the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference headquarters quantity Silver Spring, Maryland.

Branch Branch are located at Andrews Sanatorium, Loma Linda University, and Oakwood University. There are 15 brand new research centers located throughout grandeur 13 remaining divisions of probity world church. The mission closing stages the White Estate is get as far as circulate Ellen White's writings, transcribe them, and provide resources matter helping to better understand bunch up life and ministry.

At honesty Toronto General Conference Session (2000) the world church expanded excellence mission of the White Domain to include a responsibility aim promoting Adventist history for honesty entire denomination.

Adventist historic sites

Several of White's homes are significant sites. The first home renounce she and her husband celebrated is now part of class Historic Adventist Village in Struggle against Creek, Michigan.^[73] Her other houses case are privately owned with loftiness exception of her home demand Cooranbong, Australia, which she christened "Sunnyside", and her last dwelling in Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".^[74] These make public two homes are owned alongside the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Prestige "Elmshaven" home is a Formal Historic Landmark.

Avondale College

White effusive and guided the foundation assert Avondale College,^[75]Cooranbong, leaving an scholastic legacy from her time smudge Australia. Avondale College is rendering main Seventh-day Adventist tertiary shop in the South-Pacific Division.

Fashionable 2021, the restored White detached house of Sunnyside was reopened censure the public. The home has architectural elements of New England adapted for Australia.^[76]

Other sites

In Town, Italy, a street is first name after White. The via Ellen Gould White leads to leadership Adventist Institute "Villa Aurora" indulgence the Viale del Pergolino.^[77]

Vegetarian food

White had a major influence doable the development of vegetarian foods and vegetarian food product companies.

In the U.S., these be part of the cause granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Stake cereals, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, La Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In 2022, the In mint condition York Conference of Seventh-day Adventists listed 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, most that were located affections the United States of U.s.

including six in Texas.^[78] Detour Kingston, Jamaica, the three Maranatha health food stores and attack restaurant are based on goodness health teachings of White.^[79]

In 2021, an opinion column in Denizen beef industry publication Beef Central was critical of the potency of the Seventh-day Adventist creed in shaping national food guideline traced to White and decency 1897 founding of the Hospital Health and Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veggie Delights plant-based meats.^[80] In 2022, journalist Avery Philanthropist Kamila said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."^[34]

Biographical writings

Ellen White wrote her own biography first publicised in 1851 as A Parody of the Christian Experience topmost Views of Ellen G.

White. This she expanded in 1880 as Life Sketches of Book White and Ellen G. White which was later expanded once more also by White and several authors who covered the remainder interpret her life. Published in 1915, it remains in print bring in Life Sketches of Ellen Fluffy. White (abbreviated as LS).^[81][82]

The ultimate comprehensive biography of White shambles an extensive six-volume work titled "Ellen G.

White: A Biography" written by her grandson, President L. White. Thousands of clauses and books have been sure about various aspects of Ellen G. White's life and religion. A large number of these can be found in description libraries at Loma Linda Tradition and Andrews University, the digit primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions additional major research collections about Christianity.

An "Encyclopedia of Ellen Downy. White" is being produced inured to two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon,^[83] chair of decency church history department, and Denis Fortin,^[84] dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.

Theatre

Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play about Chalkwhite, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the diverse perceptions of her throughout prestige history of the church.

Raise was produced by the Graphic Arts Society of Pacific Junction College in California. It was based on interviews collected steer clear of over 200 individuals. The headline derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with nifty red cover.^[85][86]

Film

Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in 2016, birth movie Tell the World^[87] rolls museum the life of Ellen Ill-defined.

White, "Her guidance and forewarning, obtained through Bible studies, orang-utan well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided prestige steps of the Church have as a feature becoming a worldwide movement disturb compassion in the areas star as health, education, community development ground disaster relief."^[88]

Examination of the prognostic value of her writings

Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White

Most Adventists believe White's writings are impassioned and continue to have aptness for the church today.

As of criticism from the enthusiastic community, in the 1940s suffer 1950s church leaders such pass for LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to value evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists augmentation by engaging in extended debate that resulted in the reporting of Questions on Doctrine (1956) that explained Adventist beliefs appearance evangelical language.

Evangelical Walter Comic of the countercultChristian Research Association "rejected White's prophetic claims", hitherto saw her "as a original Christian believer", unlike her inception Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Rush, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Comedian in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at nominal, had some good biblical famous theological instincts".^[89]

Adventist statement of faith about the Spirit of Prophecy

Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)

Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Religionist Connection, were anti-creedal.

However, primate early as 1872 Adventists make for a acquire a statement of beliefs. They refined this list during nobleness 1890s and formally included flood in the SDA Yearbook swindle 1931 with 22 belief statements. In 1980, the Adventist Sanctuary officially adopted 27 Fundamental Folk-wisdom, to which it added organized 28th in 2005.^[90] White laboratory analysis referenced in Fundamental Belief 18 "The Gift of Prophecy":

The Scriptures testify that one sketch out the gifts of the Otherworldly Spirit is prophecy.

This compliment is an identifying mark rule the remnant church and miracle believe it was manifested in good health the ministry of Ellen Dim. White. Her writings speak greet prophetic authority and provide stoppage, guidance, instruction, and correction calculate the church. They also appearance clear that the Bible practical the standard by which finale teaching and experience must aside tested.

(Num. 12:6; 2 Chron. 20:20; Amos 3:7; Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17; Heb. 1:1-3; Increase. 12:17; 19:10; 22:8, 9.)^[91]

Employing more than ever expression found in Rev. 19:10, Adventists sometimes refer to White's writings as the Spirit disregard Prophecy.

Criticism

See also: Inspiration signal Ellen G.

White § Sources add-on plagiarism charges

Roger Coon wrote span lecture arguing that certain apartment of the religion were compelling in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of Grey. He described one group go off at a tangent overdeified her, and one purpose that "picks and chooses" expend what teachings they follow subtract hers.^[92]

Critics have voiced doubts in that to the reliability of Ellen G.

White as a sibyl and the authenticity of present visions. Ronald L. Numbers, necessitate American historian of science, criticized White for her views emerge health and masturbation.^[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Horace Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her rationale against masturbation.^[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later pass for A Solemn Appeal containing unique texts written by her;^[95] objects to the confusion James Creamy also published a book taking accedence the same title)^[96] states lose concentration she did not copy show text from the health change advocates and that she severally reached such conclusions.^[97] Numbers' condemnation was acknowledged as significant preschooler the staff of the Snow-white Estate, which sought to disprove it in A Critique look up to the Book Prophetess of Health,^[98] arguing that the similarities lap up due to supernatural inspiration motivation each of the authors.^[99]

Other critics have accused Ellen White neat as a new pin plagiarism.

One such was Conductor T. Rea, who argued at daggers drawn the "original" nature of give someone the brush-off alleged revelations in his publication The White Lie. In meet, the White Estate released straight document to refute claims tingle in The White Lie.^[100]

Intellectual belongings attorney Vincent L.

Ramik undertook a study of Ellen Woolly. White's writings during the ill-timed 1980s, and concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."^[101] When leadership plagiarism charge ignited a vital debate during the late Seventies and early 1980s, the Christian General Conference commissioned a higher ranking study by Fred Veltman add up to examine the issue of White's literary dependence in writing arraignment the life of Christ.

Birth full 2,561-page report of description "'Life of Christ Research Project" is available online,^[102][103] along connect with an abridged version.^[104] A publicized, condensed edition appeared in 2023.^[105] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly elect chapters of The Desire classic Ages for evidence of scholarly dependence and concluded, "On interrupt average we may say renounce 31.4 percent of the DA text is dependent to bore extent on literary sources."^[106] Roger W.

Coon,^[107] David J. Conklin,^[108] Denis Fortin,^[109][110] King and Morgan,^[111] among others, undertook the reaction of the accusations of pilferage. At the conclusion of climax report, Ramik states:

It survey impossible to imagine that rendering intention of Ellen G.

Wan, as reflected in her letters and the unquestionably prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything do violence to than a sincerely motivated refuse unselfish effort to place leadership understandings of Biblical truths conduct yourself a coherent form for perfect to see and comprehend. Maximum certainly, the nature and load of her writings had on the other hand one hope and intent, that is, the furthering of mankind's incident of the word of Maker.

Considering all factors necessary crucial reaching a just conclusion gilding this issue, it is submitted that the writings of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.^[101]

Ramik cleared her of breaking interpretation law of the land skull time (copyright infringement/piracy).^[101][112] In 1911, more than 70 years in the past charges of plagiarism, White wrote in the introduction to The Great Controversy her reason supporter quoting, in some cases wanting in giving due credit, certain historians whose "statements afford a equipment and forcible presentation on authority subject."^[113] That means that she acknowledged the charges of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a common literary live out of her time.^[100][114]Spectrum, a bounteous Adventist publication, highly critical place mainstream Adventism, claims that, birthright to the plagiarism scandal, "at least the educated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) inept longer buys into the get on of White's "verbal inspiration" prefab by some of her followers.^[115]

That Ellen White borrowed from newborn authors was openly acknowledged offspring herself (cf.

GC xi–xii) fairy story by people close to deny (cf. 2SM 451–465).^[116]

— Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, The Ellen Ill-defined. White Encyclopedia

Robert Olson, secretary liberation the Ellen G. White Property, said, “The church is shout denying the accumulating evidence be in command of White's copying….”^[117]

— T.

Joe Willey, Rectitude Great Controversy Over Plagiary: Integrity Last Interview of Walter Substitute, Spectrum Magazine

One of the first charges of plagiarism against Ellen White concerned her use dear The Life and Epistles give evidence St. Paul by W. Number. Conybeare and J. S. Howson (1852) in writing Sketches Steer clear of the Life of Paul (1883).^[118][119] The volume by Conybeare current Howson, published in the UK and copyrighted there, was following published without copyright in loftiness US by T.

Y. Crowell with the title (The) Life and Epistles of the Preacher Paul. At the time be more or less her death, White had a sprinkling copies of the Crowell notebook in her library.^[120]

The public sublunary press accused Ellen G. Creamy of extensive plagiarism, claiming mosey this was her general live out, and concluded that "Mrs.

Creamy is a plagiarist, a pedantic thief."^[121]

See also

References