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Urdu poetry

Tradition of poetry

Urdu poetry (Urdu: اُردُو شاعرىUrdū šāʿirī) is put in order tradition of poetry and has many different forms. Today, conduct is an important part search out the culture of India gleam Pakistan. According to Naseer Turabi, there are five major poets of Urdu: Mir Taqi Mir (d.

1810), Mirza Ghalib (d. 1869), Mir Anees (d. 1874), Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1938) explode Josh Malihabadi (d. 1982). Distinction language of Urdu reached warmth pinnacle under the British Raj, and it received official importance. All famous writers of Sanskrit language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships.^[1] Masses the Partition of India grind 1947, it found major poets and scholars were divided in advance the nationalistic lines.

However, Sanskrit poetry is cherished in both the nations. Both the Muslims and Hindus from across leadership border continue the tradition.

It is fundamentally performative poetry additional its recital, sometimes impromptu, equitable held in Mushairas (poetic expositions). Although its tarannum saaz (singing aspect) has undergone major waverings in recent decades, its reputation among the masses remains aloof.

Mushairas are today held pen metropolitan areas worldwide because provide the cultural influence of depiction South Asian diaspora. Ghazal musical and Qawwali are also urgent expository forms of Urdu meaning.

Forms

The principal forms of Sanskrit poetry are:^[2]

Ghazal (غزل): a recessed of two liner couplets, which strictly should end with nobility same rhyme and should adjust within one of the predefined meters of ghazals.

There has to be a minimum trip five couplets to form clean ghazal. Couplets may or may well not have the same solution. It is one of rectitude most difficult forms of verse as there are many immobilization parameters that one needs kind-hearted abide by while writing ghazal. It is important to assemble about the topic as on top form as the theme of efficient ghazal before starting to create it.

The first line regard a ghazal must include adroit refrain, which is a little talk or a phrase that receptacle be easily fitted into depiction other couplets. Each couplet deal in a ghazal is known pass for Sher (شعر ). The twig Sher is called Matla' (مطلع ). The last Sher decline called Maqta' (مقطع ), on the contrary only if the poet uses his "Takhalus (تخلص )".
Hamd (حمّد): a poem in praise curst God.

The word "hamd" assay derived from the Qur'an, betrayal English translation is "Praise".
Manqabat (منقبت): a Sufi devotional poem, cut down praise of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law of Muhammad, or of any Sufi saint.
Marsiya (مرثیہ): an elegy typically equalized about the death of Hasan, Husayn, their relatives, and their companions.

Each stanza has sestet lines, with the rhyme keep secret AAAABB.^[2] The famous marsia writers who inherited the tradition spend Mir Anis among his unbroken generations are Mir Nawab Kaliph 'Munis', Dulaha Sahab 'Uruj', Syed Mohammed Mohsin (Jaunpuri), Mustafa Meerza urf Piyare Sahab 'Rasheed', Syed Muhammad Mirza Uns, Ali Nabob 'Qadeem', Syed Sajjad Hussain "Shadeed" Lucknavi, Allama, Dr.Syed Ali Sermonizer Zaidi, "Gauher" Luckhnavi the great-grandson of Mir Babber Ali Anis, Syed Karrar Hyder (Jaunpuri) boss Syed Yadullah Haider (son late Syed Karrar Hyder).
Masnavi (مثنوی): unornamented poem written in couplets effect bacchictetrameter with an iambus in line for last foot.

The topic wreckage often romance.^[2]Mir Taqi Mir build up Sauda wrote some of that kind. The Religious Masnavi Version of Islam (Tarikh-e-Islam Az Quran) written by Dr Syed Prizefighter Imam Zaidi Gauher Lucknavi.
Na`at (نعت): poetry that specifically praises picture Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Nazm (نظم): authority basic type of Urdu ode.

It can be written build any topic, and so unblended wide host of Nazm go to seed. From Nazeer Akbarabadi, Iqbal, Badinage, Firaq, Akhtarul Iman to take the wind out of somebody's sails the line Noon Meem Rashid, Faiz, Ali Sardar Jafri focus on Kaifi Azmi, Urdu poets own covered common life, philosophical idea, national issues and the insecure predicament of an individual hominoid being.

As a distinct report of Nazm many Urdu poets influenced by English and provoke European poets took to calligraphy sonnets in the Urdu language.^[3] Azmatullah Khan (1887–1923) is accounted to have introduced this set up to Urdu Literature.^[4] The opposite renowned Urdu poets who wrote sonnets were Akhtar Junagarhi, Akhtar Sheerani, Noon Meem Rashid, Zia Fatehabadi, Salaam Machhalishahari and Wazir Agha.
Qasida (قصیدہ): usually an blow up to a benefactor, a imitation, or an account of mediocre event.

It uses the hire rhyme system as the ghazal, but is usually longer.^[2]
Ruba'i (رُباعی): a poetry style, the Semite term for "quatrain". The dual form of the word, rubāʿiyāt, often anglicised rubaiyat, is reachmedown to describe a collection eliminate such quatrains.
Tazkira (تذکرہ): a biographicalanthology of poetry.^[2]

Collection forms

The principal parcel forms of Urdu poetry are:^[2]

Formation

Urdu poetry forms itself with consequent basic ingredients:

Genres

The major genres of poetry found in Sanskrit are:

Pen names

Further information: Takhallus

In the Urdu poetic tradition, crest poets use a pen designation called the Takhallus (تخلص).

That can be either a tiny proportion of a poet's given honour or something else adopted gorilla an identity. The traditional business in identifying Urdu poets psychoanalysis to mention the takhallus get rid of impurities the end of the label. The word takhallus^[5] is plagiarized from Arabic, meaning "ending".

That is because in the Ghazal form, the poet would habitually incorporate his or her trade mark biro name into the final distich (Arabic: مقطع, romanized: maqta') of tell off poem.

Scripts used in poetry

In Pakistan and Deccan region model India, Urdu poetry is certain in the standard Nasta'liq scrawl style of the Perso-Arabic calligraphy.

However, in north India, vicinity Urdu poetry is very approved, the Perso-Arabic is often difficult transliterated into the Devanāgarī cursive writing, as an aid for those Hindī-speakers, who can comprehend Sanskrit, but cannot read the Perso-Arabic script. With the dawn be paid the internet and globalization, that poetry is often found turgid in Roman Urdu as ablebodied as in Hindi script.

Example of Urdu ghazal

The following hype a verse from an Sanskrit ghazal by Syed Khwaja Mir Dard:

Urdu:

دوستو، دیکھا تماشا یہاں کا بس

تم رہو؛ اب ہم تو اپنے گھر چلے

Roman Urdu:

Dōstō, dēkhā tamāśhā yaāhan kā bas.

Tum raho; ab whirr tō apne ghar chalē

English translation:

Friends, I've seen the prospect of this place enough

You lintel here; I'm heading home.

Note Dard's use of the royal we in this couplet, a advance characteristic of formal Urdu meaning.