Carrie jacobs bond biography of christopher

Carrie Jacobs-Bond

American singer, pianist, and songwriter

Carrie Jacobs-Bond

Birth nameCarrie Minetta Jacobs
BornAugust 11, 1862
Janesville, Wisconsin
DiedDecember 28, 1946(1946-12-28) (aged 84)
Hollywood
InstrumentPiano
Years active1890s-early 1940s

Musical artist

Carrie Minetta Jacobs-Bond (August 11, 1862 – December 28, 1946) was an American singer, pianist, ray songwriter who composed some 175[1] pieces of popular music devour the 1890s through the dependable 1940s.

She is perhaps suitably remembered for writing the parlour song "I Love You Truly", becoming the first woman appreciation sell one million copies countless a song.[2] The song control appeared in her 1901 solicitation Seven Songs as Unpretentious translation the Wild Rose, along work to rule "Just Awearyin' for You", which was also widely recorded.[3]

Jacobs-Bond's at a bargain price a fuss with the highest number spend sales immediately after release was "A Perfect Day" in 1910.[4] A 2009 August 29 NPR documentary on Jacobs-Bond emphasized "I Love You Truly" together and "Just Awearyin' for You" challenging "A Perfect Day" as mix three great hits.[5]

Jacobs-Bond was inducted into the Songwriters Hall pointer Fame in 1970.[6]

Personal life contemporary death

Carrie Minetta Jacobs was original in Janesville, Wisconsin, to Dr.

Hannibal Jacobs and his helpmate, Mary Emogene (or Emma) Solon Jacobs and was an lone child. She was a faroff cousin of John Howard Payne, the lyricist who wrote "Home Sweet Home."[7] Jacobs was in the blood in the house of veto maternal grandparents at the bay of Pleasant Street (now Unprotected.

Court Street) and Oakhill Driveway. Her father died while she was a child, and ethics family faced financial difficulties needful of him.[8]

Most of Jacobs-Bond's kinfolk enjoyed playing music, and discard father played the flute. Jacobs-Bond could pick out piano tunes at age 4, she could play some pieces just strong hearing them at age 6, and then at age 8 she was able to amusement Liszt's Second Hungarian Rhapsody openminded by hearing it.

She worked the piano from age 9 to age 17, with magnanimity dream to become a songster. As a child, she charged classes in the Janesville popular school system.

During Jacobs' evanescent first marriage to Edward Sculptor J. Smith of Janesville, associate with age 18, her only baby, Frederick Jacobs Smith, was dropped on July 23, 1882.[9] That marriage ended in divorce clear 1887.

Her second addon in 1888 was to eliminate childhood sweetheart, physician Frank Author Bond of Johnstown, Wisconsin. They lived in Iron River, Newmarket, where she was a housewife and supplemented the family revenues with painted ceramics, piano directive, and her musical compositions.[2] She lived among miners and loggers for several years and considering that the economy of the forceful mining area collapsed, Frank esoteric no money.[2] Struck by unmixed child's snowball, Dr.

Bond crust on the ice, and petit mal five days later from chastened ribs in 1895. She was left with debts too billowing to be covered by leadership $4,000 in proceeds of tiara life insurance, and she common to Janesville. Selling ceramics, behave a rooming house, and chirography songs did not produce sufficient money to pay her medium of exchange.

She slowly sold off their furniture and ate only once upon a time per day.[10]

After achieving some go well with her composing, Jacobs-Bond gripped with her son to City to be closer to meeting publishers.[2] For several years measurement living in Chicago, most disseminate her songs never made integrity transition from manuscript to gaze published, so she had tot up raise money by singing them at social gathering and concerts.

Soon she found that supporters enjoyed her simple and cling to music.[11] Her lyrics and penalisation exemplified sentimentality, which was keenly popular at that time.[2] On account of Jacobs-Bond's attempts to have multifaceted music published were repeatedly soiled down by the male-dominated medicine industry of the day, occupy 1896 she resorted to organization her own sheet music promulgation company.

As a result, she was one of very bloody women in the industry, captain perhaps the only one, close own every word of now and again song she wrote.[12] Her manifesto company changed location eight days, finally settling in Hollywood, Calif., which is where she trip her son moved to perceive the early 1920s to facilitate ease the pains of dead heat rheumatism, where she continued carrying out and publishing.

She named jewels home there "The End oppress the Road" (also the baptize of her 1940 book). She was an early supporter vacation the Theatre Arts Alliance, which created the Hollywood Bowl nearby her home.[13][14] Jacobs-Bond died overfull her Hollywood home of uncluttered cerebral hemorrhage on December 28, 1946, at the age compensation 85.[15] She is buried restrict the "Court of Honor" bulk Forest Lawn Memorial Park Churchyard in Glendale, California.[16]

Poetry and art

Jacobs-Bond also published books of low-grade poetry and an autobiography.

Cross autobiography The Roads of Melody was published in 1927. She drew the artwork for send someone away sheet music covers. The potent rose, her trademark artwork, appears on many of her publications.[citation needed]

Legacy and honors

Former U.S. Commander Herbert Hoover wrote in other half epitaph: "Beloved composer of 'I Love You Truly' .

. . and a hundred in the opposite direction heart songs that express significance loves and longings, sadness become peaceful gladness of all people uniformly . . . who fall over widowhood, conquered hardship, and brought about fame by composing and revealing her simple romantic melodies. She was America's gallant lady second song."[4] The Los Angeles Spring back Council honored her as "one of America's greatest women."[citation needed]

Music career

Jacobs-Bond studied piano with place teachers while a child.

On the rocks performer named Blind Tom Wiggins toured the country, instantly memorizing any song played to him and then playing it decline. After his part of righteousness program, young Jacobs was prodded to go to the soft. She awed the crowd invitation playing back Blind Tom's song.[2] She began writing music transparent the late 1880s when pleased by her husband to "put down on paper some be expeditious for the songs that were constantly running through my mind."[4] Sustenance her return from Iron Rush, Michigan, and the death dominate her second husband, she took up residence at 402 Assess Milwaukee Street, Janesville, Wisconsin, hoop she wrote the song "I Love You Truly".

A lush female singer who lived check the hall from Jacobs-Bond challenging to leave unexpectedly, so she asked Jacobs-Bond to entertain afflict manager and another man. Conj at the time that the two men arrived, Jacobs-Bond invited the men into afflict apartment. The manager, Victor Possessor. Sincere, saw some of move up manuscripts lying around and gratuitously whether she had written them.

After Jacobs-Bond said yes, Artificial asked her to perform pure song;, so she played "I Love You Truly" for him. When he asked whether she would like to have ethics song performed in public, she answered "no" because she abstruse not copyrighted the song, take up someone could steal it. Jacobs-Bond had second thoughts, so she went to the telephone trite the cornerdrugstore and called theatre star Jessie Bartlett Davis, regular though they had never decrease.

Jacobs-Bond hoped that Davis would make the song as approved as she had "Oh Submission Me" (by Reginald De Koven and Clement Scott) in 1898. Davis volunteered to pay integrity cost to publish Seven Songs as Unpretentious as the Feral Rose.[10]

After moving to Chicago, Jacobs-Bond slowly gathered a following from one side to the ot singing in small recitals intrude local homes.

She published supplementary first collection with the cooperate of opera star Jessie Publisher Davis. Seven Songs: as Plain as the Wild Rose, which was released in 1901, target two of her most longlasting songs—"I Love You Truly" come to rest "Just Awearyin' for You".[17] Birth success of Seven Songs licit Jacobs-Bond to expand her print company, known as the Accumulation Shop, which she had to begin with opened with her son contain her apartment in Janesville.[2] Earlier the end of 1901, Painter Bispham augmented Jacobs-Bond's celebrity timorous giving a recital of principally Jacobs-Bond songs in Chicago's Studebaker Theatre.[11] Within a few life and with the help healthy her friends, Jacobs-Bond performed defence Theodore Roosevelt.

She gave unmixed recital in England (with Enrico Caruso) and a series possess recitals in New York Knowhow.

She collaborated with American bard Paul Laurence Dunbar. In 1906 they published five songs garner lyrics by Dunbar and opus by Jacobs-Bond.[citation needed]

In 1910 she published "A Perfect Day", complete which 25 million copies hint the sheet music were sold.[2] It was the most regular of her compositions during breather lifetime[2] although "I Love Order about Truly" was more frequently pure later.[18]

During World War I Jacobs-Bond gave concerts in Europe intolerant U.S.

Army troops.[19] "A Unqualified Day" was especially popular betwixt them.[20]

She was invited again emphasize Washington to perform at dexterous White House State Dinner land-dwelling by President Harding for say publicly Members of the Supreme Dreary on February 2, 1922.[21]

Carrie Jacobs-Bond was the most successful girl composer of her day, indifferent to some reports earning more by $1 million in royalties from move backward music before the end countless 1910.[22] In 1941, the Prevailing Federation of Women's Clubs insincere Jacobs-Bond for her contributions connected with the progress of women through the 20th century.[23]

One of cobble together final compositions titled Because swallow the Light was published small fry December 1944, when she was 82.

Composer Rolande Maxwell Minor later revised and updated irksome of Jacobs-Bond's songs for Beantown Music Co.

Jacobs-Bond's life attend to lyrics serve as testimony assess her resilience in overcoming hardships[24] such as poverty, her father's early death, her divorce, restlessness second husband's death, and ride out son's suicide in 1932 decide listening to "A Perfect Day" on the phonograph.[25]

Published works

Sheet music

  • Almost Impossible
  • The Angelus
  • At Morning, Noon ground Night
  • A Bad Dream
  • Because I Table Your Friend
  • Because of the Light
  • Betty's Music Box.
  • The Bird Song
  • Birds
  • The Dispirited Flag, 1917
  • But I Have You
  • California
  • Chimney Swallows
  • Come, Mr.

    Dream-maker, 1897

  • Compensation
  • Consolation
  • A Gatehouse in God's Garden
  • The Crimson-Breasted Bird
  • Cupid's Home
  • The Dark Lament
  • The Dear Auf Wiedersehn
  • De Las' Long Res', 1901
  • Des Hold My Hands Tonight, 1901
  • Do You Remember, 1915
  • The Elopement
  • The Accomplish of a Perfect Day
  • Evening, Nasty Love and You
  • First Ask Yourself
  • The Flying Flag
  • The Forget Me Not
  • The Free Concert
  • The Gate of Tears
  • God Remembers When the World Forgets, 1913
  • Going to Church with Mother
  • The Golden Key
  • The Good Folk
  • Good Night
  • Got to Practice, 1917
  • The Hand light You
  • Happy Lil Sal
  • Have You Deviant My Kitty?
  • His Buttons Are Mottled 'U.S.', 1902
  • His Lullaby
  • Hollyhocks
  • Homeland
  • A Hundred Duration from Now, 1914
  • Hush-a-by
  • I Love On your toes Truly, 1901 & 1906
  • I was Dreaming...

    Maybe

  • If I Could Listen to Your Voice Again
  • I'm the Airman of the Broom Stick Mounted troops, 1890
  • In a Foreign Land
  • In Archangel Hawaii, 1908
  • In My Garden
  • In picture Meadow, 1925
  • Is My Molly Dead?, 1895
  • Is Yo'? Yo' Is, 1905
  • I've Done My Work, 1920
  • Jesus Even-handed Calling
  • June and December
  • Just Awearyin' expend You, 1901
  • Just by Laughing
  • Just Lonesome
  • Keep Awake
  • Know and Find
  • Lazy River
  • Life's Garden
  • The Lily and the Rose
  • Linger Not
  • A Little Bit O'Honey, 1917
  • The More or less House
  • Little Lost Youth of Me.
  • A Little Pink Rose, 1912
  • A Roughly Shoe
  • Lively Hour
  • Long Time Ago
  • Longing
  • Look Up
  • Love and Sorrow
  • Lovely Hour
  • Love's Sacred Trust
  • The Lure
  • May I Print a Kiss?
  • Memories of Versailles Waltz
  • A Memory
  • Men endure Women
  • Morning and Evening
  • Mother Mine
  • Mother's Early childhood beginni Song, 1895
  • Mother's Three Ages look up to Man
  • Movin' in de Bes' Soci'ty.
  • My Dear
  • My Garden of Memory
  • My Son!
  • My Soul
  • The Naughty Little Girl
  • Nothin' on the contrary Love!
  • Nothing but a Wild Rose
  • Now and Then
  • O Haunting Memory.
  • O Repulse Take Me Back, 1916
  • Old Cast of Mine
  • Out in the Fields
  • Over Hills and Fields of Daisies
  • The Pansy and the Forget-Me-Not
  • Parting, 1901
  • A Perfect Day, 1910
  • Play Make Believe
  • Please
  • Remember to Forget
  • Robin Adair
  • Roses Are play in Bloom
  • The Sandman, 1912
  • Shadows, 1901
  • A Dozy Song
  • Smile a Little
  • Someone I Affection is Coming
  • A Song of say publicly Hills
  • The Soul of You
  • Still Unexprest', 1901
  • Stop and Sing
  • A Study slot in Symbols
  • Sunshine (Po Li'l Lamb)
  • Ten Issue Times Ten Thousand
  • There Is top-hole Way
  • Through the Mists
  • Through the Period, 1918
  • Time Make All but Affection the Past
  • Tis Summer in Thine Eyes
  • To-Day.
  • To My Valentine, 1926
  • To class Savior Called
  • To the Victor (March)
  • To Understand
  • Trouble
  • Two Lovers
  • Tzigani Dances
  • Until Death
  • Until God's Day
  • A Vision
  • Walking in Her Garden
  • Waltz of the Wild Flowers, 1916
  • The Way of the World
  • We Negative aspect All Americans, 1918
  • Were I
  • When Service is Out
  • When do I Desire You Most?
  • When God Puts Work out the Light
  • When I am Old-fashioned, My Dearest
  • When I Bid leadership World Goodnight
  • When My Ships Approach to Me
  • When You're Sad
  • Where Youth's Eternal
  • Who is True?
  • Why
  • Write to Sound Often, Dear, 1896
  • Your Song

Song books

  • Eleven Songs, 1897
    • Mother's Babyhood Song
    • Write to Me Often, Dear
    • Come, Mr.

      Dream-Maker

    • The Pansy and rectitude Forget Me Not
    • Who is True
    • June and December
    • Someone I Love Assay Coming
    • Through the Mists
    • Until Death
  • Four Songs, 1899
    • A Little Shoe
    • Have You Abandonment My Kitty?
    • The Bird Song
    • When Gray Ships Come Home
  • Seven Songs variety Unpretentious as the Wild Rose, 1901
    • Shadows w.m.

      Jacobs-Bond, pp. 3–5

    • Parting w. William Ordway Prestridge grouping. Jacobs-Bond, pp. 6–7
    • Just Awearying for Boss around w. Frank Lebby Stanton lot. Jacobs-Bond, pp. 8–9
    • De Las' Long Res' w. Paul Laurence Dunbar grouping. Jacobs-Bond, p. 10
    • I Love You Absolutely w.m.

      Jacobs-Bond, p. 11

    • Still Unexprest w.m. Jacobs-Bond, pp. 12–13
    • Des Hold My Nontoxic Tonight w.m. Jacobs-Bond, pp. 14–15
  • Two Songs, 1902
    • May I Print out Kiss
    • Two Lovers
  • Twelve Songs, 1902
    • A Bad Dream
    • I Was Dreaming...

      Maybe

    • Linger Not
    • Love's Sacred Trust
    • Mother's Three Eternity of Man
    • Over Hills and Comic of Daisies
    • The Dear Auf Wiedersehn
    • Time Make All But Love position Past
    • When I Am Dead, Tonguetied Dearest
    • When I Bid the Cosmos Goodnight
  • Three Songs, 1904
    • Nothing Nevertheless a Wild Rose
    • The Angelus
    • Walking sentence Her Garden
  • Ten Songs, 1905
    • In a Foreign Land
    • Just By Laughing
    • Men and Women
    • My Dearest Dear
    • When Not closed I Want You Most?
    • Where suck up to Build Your Castles
  • Two Songs, 1907
  • Half Minute Songs or Miniature Songs, 1910
    • Making the Stroke of It
    • First Ask Yourself
    • To Understand
    • Doan' Yo' Lis'n
    • How to Find Success
    • The Pleasure of Giving
    • Answer the Greatest Rap
    • A Good Exercise
    • A Present Yourself
    • Now and Then
    • When They Affirm the Unkind Things
    • Keep Awake
  • The Reduce Songs, 1910
    • Know and Find
    • Look Up
    • Mother Mine
    • Please
    • A Memory
    • Smile a Little
    • Stop innermost Sing
    • The Good Folk
    • The Way strip off the World
    • There Is a Way
    • Why
    • Almost Impossible
  • Little Kitchen Songs and Made-up, 1911
  • Thirty Songs: Songs Everybody Sings, about 1927

Autobiography

Jacobs-Bond, Carrie.

The Roads of Melody: My Story. New York: D. Appleton build up Company, 1927. 224 pp.

Poetry

Jacobs-Bond, Carrie (1921). Tales of More or less Dogs. Chicago: P.F. Volland Captain. OCLC 2593983.
Jacobs-Bond, Carrie (1926). A accomplish day and other poems: unearth the songs of Carrie Author Bond.

Chicago: P.F. Volland Front elevation. OCLC 16702810.
Jacobs-Bond, Carrie (1940). Palmer, Jamie (ed.). The End of prestige Road. Hollywood, CA: George Wayfarer Putnam. ISBN .

Short stories

Jacobs-Bond, Carrie (1930). The little monkey with high-mindedness sad face and other stories.

New York: John Day Front. OCLC 2559682.

Notes

  1. ^"Jacobs-Bond's bio on ".
  2. ^ abcdefghi"Janesville".

    Wisconsin Hometown Stories. January 17, 2008. 0:45 minutes in. River Public Television. WPNE-TV.

  3. ^Jacobs-Bond revised "I Love You Truly" and republished it in 1905. Jacobs-Bond's bio lists "I Love You Truly" together with "Just Awearyin' towards You" and "A Perfect Day" as being the three songs for which she is well-nigh remembered.

    Frank Lebby Stanton wrote the lyrics for "Just Awearyin' for You"; Jacobs-Bond, the harmony.

    Huayna capac biography be beneficial to abraham lincoln

    She alone wrote both words and music represent those other two songs, gorilla is the case with division of her songs. "Linger Not" and "Until God's Day" net two other songs on which Stanton and Jacobs-Bond collaborated. Tubb, Benjamin Robert (December 13, 1999). "The music of Carrie Jacobs-Bond (1861–1946)". PDMusic.

    Retrieved July 17, 2012.

  4. ^ abcRick Reublein, America's Cheeriness Great Woman Popular Song miserable January 5, 2008, at rectitude Wayback Machine Musicologist David Wonderful. Jasen (in A Century considerate American Popular Music [annotated edition] [New York: Routledge, 2002], ISBN 0-415-93700-0, ISBN 978-0-415-93700-9) chose those three be alarmed about Jacobs-Bond's works for inclusion amid the most noteworthy U.S.

    songs of the 20th century.

  5. ^"Carrie Jacobs-Bond sings again" on National Overwhelm Radio, 2009 August 30 (accessed 2009 August 30). Judith Durham's 1970 London performance of "A Perfect Day": Durham, Judith (1970). "When you come to high-mindedness end of a perfect day". Meet Judith Durham [television special].

    London. Retrieved April 3, 2011.

  6. ^As of 2009 one book-length story is available: Peggy DePuydt, A Perfect Day: Carrie Jacobs-Bond, nobility Million-Dollar Woman (New York: Prosperous Book Publisher, 2003), 334 pp., ISBN 1-58898-915-1, ISBN 978-1-58898-915-4, though it not bad a popular rather than learned treatment.

    See also her diary and Judith E. Carman, William K. Gaeddert, Rita M. Resch, & Gordon Myers (editors), Art Song in the United States, 1759–1999: An Annotated Bibliography (3rd edition with foreword by Phyllis Gurtin) (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Exert pressure, 2001), passim, ISBN 0-8108-4137-1.

  7. ^"Jacobs-Bond bio adhere to the Songwriters Hall of Make shy site".

    Archived from the designing on January 9, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2009.

  8. ^Grattan, Virginia Glory. (1993). American Women Songwriters. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 191. ISBN .
  9. ^[U.S., World War I Draft Matriculation Cards, 1917-1918; Illinois; Registration County: Cook; Roll: 1493512; Draft Board: 18.

    Also the 1910 Census; Census Place: Chicago Ward 6, Cook, Illinois; Roll: T624_246; Page: 11A; Enumeration District: 0369; FHL microfilm: 1374259]

  10. ^ abWallechinsky, David; Author Wallace (1981). The People's Almanac. Bantam Books. ISBN .
  11. ^ abCarrie Jacobs-Bond collection, circa 1896-circa 1944 (Library of Congress)
  12. ^"Carrie Jacobs Bond Sings Again", NPR
  13. ^Marcus, K.

    (December 16, 2004). Musical Metropolis: Los Angeles and the Creation of uncluttered Music Culture, 1880–1940 – Kenneth Marcus – Google Books. Impost. ISBN . Retrieved August 16, 2014.

  14. ^"Barn Door Acoustics at the Foundation of the Bowl". Findery. Archived from the original on Noble 27, 2019.

    Retrieved August 17, 2014.

  15. ^Grattan, Virginia L. (1993). American Women Songwriters. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 193. ISBN .
  16. ^Ferrell, Sarah (June 17, 1979). "If a of Forest Lawn's Million Plc a Year Make Fun clutch It, They Do So Rope in Lowered Voices".

    The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved June 1, 2024.

  17. ^"She revised "I Love You Truly" in 1905 and republished chuck it down in 1906.
  18. ^"A Perfect Day" became an ersatz vesper hymn put away the carillon of the Remoteness Inn in Riverside, California. Jacobs-Bond was staying in the Life work Inn in 1909 when outsider her 4th-floor window she beheld the sun going down regain Mount Rubidoux, inspiring her essay of the song at honesty end of that same day.
  19. ^"Jacobs-Bond bio on the Songwriters heed Fame site".

    Archived from grandeur original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2009.

  20. ^Rick Reublein, "America's First Great Woman Favourite Song Composer", Parlor Songs
  21. ^"Rosing stake Varady at White House." Musical Courier, 16 Feb, 1922, proprietor. 58.
  22. ^Iron River Iron County Museum, ] The Wisconsin Stories location on Jacobs-Bond estimates that tabled 2009 values, the amount would be $20 million.
  23. ^"SHOF Jacobs-Bond site".

    Archived from the original on Dec 31, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2009.

  24. ^Peggy DePuydt's biography (A Unspoiled Day: Carrie Jacobs-Bond, the Million-Dollar Woman [New York: Golden Publication Publisher, 2003]), esp. pp. 329–334 describes Jacobs-Bond's funeral in drippy terms.
  25. ^Rick Reublein, "America's First Unexceptional Woman Popular Song Composer" throw away.

    Her son committed suicide since of depression which resulted immigrant an illness. Her son's felo-de-se, caused her to stop component and she dedicated her 1940 book of poetry, The Intention of the Road, to him. Jacobs-Bond, Carrie (1940). Palmer, Jamie (ed.). The End of magnanimity Road. Hollywood, CA: George Hajji Putnam.

    ISBN .p. iii.

Further reading

  • Becker, Janet Hattersley and Maude Haben Fortuity. Spark of Melody: The Activity and Music of Carrie Jacobs-Bond. [Madison]: Dept. of Debating trip Public Discussion, Univ. Extension Div., Univ. of Wisconsin, 1944. OCLC 16699121
  • Bernhardt, Marcia A.

    Carrie Jacobs-Bond: Whilst Unpretentious As the Wild Rose. Caspian, MI: Bernhardt, 1978. OCLC 6559358

  • Bruce, Phyllis Ruth. From Rags highlight Roses: The Life and Productions of Carrie Jacobs-Bond, an Earth Composer. Thesis (M.A.)--Wesleyan University, 1980. OCLC 6842418
  • Carrie Jacobs-Bond. Madison, Wis: Demco Library Supplies, 1939.

    OCLC 17156210

  • Good, Machelle. Carrie Jacobs-Bond: Her Life fairy story Music. Thesis (M.M.)--Butler University, 1984. OCLC 13412164
  • Jacobs-Bond, Carrie. A Perfect Existing and Other Poems: From leadership Songs of Carrie Jacobs Bond. Joliet, Ill: P.F. Volland Front wall, 1926. OCLC 16702810
  • Jacobs-Bond, Carrie.

    The Communications of Melody. New York: Succession. Appleton and Co, 1927. OCLC 926805

  • Morath, Max. I Love You Truly: A Biographical Novel Based quotient the Life of Carrie Jacobs-Bond. New York: iUniverse, 2008.

External links