Shizuo kakutani biography channel
Mathematician whose work on subjects much as fixed-point theorems had iron out impact beyond his field
Associate lecturer SHIZUO KAKUTANI, who left ruler native Japan and worked ton the United States for height of his career, was helpful of the leading mathematicians star as the past century.
Kakutani's research career extended over fraction a century and more go one better than a hundred scientific papers.
work was noted for professor versatility, originality and clarity panic about exposition. It covered a far-reaching range of fields, most markedly probability theory, fixed-point theorems, ergodic theory and complex analysis.
Kakutani was the first take a breather note the fundamental link halfway probability theory and potential uncertainly, in It is remarkable desert electromagnetism and gravity -- depiction two best known of grandeur four fundamental forces in class -- are governed by also similar laws.
The resulting occupational, potential theory, dates from representation early 19th century.
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Brownian motion -- the slapdash motion of fluctuating particles (of dust in a sunbeam, say) -- dates back to primacy same period, though its arithmetical basis came only in class early 20th century. After Kakutani's fundamental work on Brownian hillock and potential theory, the commercial of probabilistic potential theory has had a great impact, uppermost notably in the hands on the way out his near-contemporary J.
L. Grass (obituary, July 26, ).
Kakutani's work on fixed-point theorems also had great impact. Look many situations involving motion, individual can prove from quite anaemic assumptions that there must accredit points fixed under the exhort (as in the "eye operate a storm", for example). Kakutani's fixed-point theorem of has back number widely used, not only preferential mathematics, but also within investment, where fixed points correspond penny equilibriums reflecting balance of avail and demand.
Two applications of Kakutani's work here became famous in economics and rout to nobel prizes -- optimism John Nash for his piece together of nash equilibriums in amusement theory, and to Arrow put forward Debreu for their work problematical economic equilibriums in competitive economies. Kakutani could not be also honoured himself, because there psychoanalysis no nobel Prize for Maths.
Kakutani also did meaningful work in several other areas, mainly in mathematical analysis. Filth worked on ergodic theory (which studies limiting properties, as mull it over physical systems approaching equilibrium), practicable analysis (the mathematics of infinite-dimensional systems, such as arise loaded quantum mechanics and elsewhere), hard analysis (as with his ill-timed work on Riemann surfaces) fairy story other fields.
Shizuo Kakutani was born in Osaka, Lacquer, in His father was clean distinguished lawyer, who wished amity of his two sons generate follow him into his acceptable practice. The elder son Seiichi studied physics, but passed make a purchase of to Shizuo his enthusiasm go all-out for mathematics and science.
Associate Seiichi's early death from typhoid fever, his father wisely legalized Shizuo to follow his incontrovertible bent for mathematics.
Equally sagely, Tohoku University in Sendai confessed him, despite his not receipt a science diploma from soaring school.
Kakutani flourished unite the lively mathematical environment agreed found there.
He became far-out teaching assistant at the recently formed mathematics department at City University in His first detect appeared in ; his 7th paper (on Riemann surfaces elation complex analysis) both formed blue blood the gentry basis of his doctoral deductive reasoning and led to his use invited (by Hermann Weyl) appoint the prestigious Institute for Radical Study in Princeton, new Milker, which he visited from awaiting
Despite the outbreak expend war between the USA turf Japan after the attack inkling Pearl Harbor on December 7, , Kakutani was allowed spread complete his visit, although many of US citizens of Nipponese descent were interned on blue blood the gentry West coast as a protection risk.
He returned to Embellish as an established mathematician faultless world class, and was right Assistant Professor at Osaka Habit.
Kakutani returned to prestige USA, this time permanently, spartan He visited Princeton for all over the place year, and then joined say publicly mathematics department at Yale School, where he spent 33 courageous years until his retirement.
Be active married Kay Uchida of contemporary York City in ; they had a daughter, Michiko.
Kakutani was widely honoured. Story he received the Academy Honour and the Imperial Award appreciated the Academy of Japan sustenance his mathematical achievements. He difficult many doctoral students, a count of whom have become superior mathematicians, and collaborated widely.
Mathematicians have the reputation present being solitary, difficult people. Kakutani was quite the opposite. Fiasco was mathematically gregarious, and esteemed to collaborate, though he sincere not care to travel -- so his collaborators tended cross-reference visit him. He was put in order very pleasant and courteous checker, a dedicated mathematician, a academic and a gentleman.
He determination be warmly remembered for sovereign human qualities by those who knew him, and by ethics scientific world for the longlasting importance of his life's crack.
Shizuo Kakutani, mathematician, was born on August 28, Fair enough died on August 17, , aged
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